Method for transmitting and receiving signals in wireless communication system, and device supporting same

ABSTRACT

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method performed by user equipment in a wireless communication system comprises: receiving a synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block including a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH); receiving system information on the basis of the SS/PBCH block; receiving uplink reference signal (UL RS) configuration information after receiving the system information; and transmitting a UL RS on a UL RS resource set on the basis of the UL RS configuration information, wherein the UL RS resource includes at least one resource element (RE), the at least one RE is set to N-comb on a frequency domain, the start position on the frequency domain of each of the REs is determined on the basis of a comb offset and a preset offset included in the UL RS configuration information, the preset offset is obtained on the basis of the N-comb and at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of the at least one RE, and N is a natural number.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Various examples of the present disclosure relate to a wirelesscommunication system.

BACKGROUND ART

Wireless access systems have been widely deployed to provide varioustypes of communication services such as voice or data. In general, awireless access system is a multiple access system that supportscommunication of multiple users by sharing available system resources (abandwidth, transmission power, etc.) among them. For example, multipleaccess systems include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, afrequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time divisionmultiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multipleaccess (OFDMA) system, and a single carrier frequency division multipleaccess (SC-FDMA) system.

As a number of communication devices have required higher communicationcapacity, the necessity of the mobile broadband communication muchimproved than the existing radio access technology (RAT) has increased.In addition, massive machine type communications (MTC) capable ofproviding various services at anytime and anywhere by connecting anumber of devices or things to each other has been considered in thenext generation communication system. Moreover, a communication systemdesign capable of supporting services/UEs sensitive to reliability andlatency has been discussed.

As described above, the introduction of the next generation RATconsidering the enhanced mobile broadband communication, massive MTC,ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC), and the like hasbeen discussed.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

Various examples of the present disclosure may provide a method fortransmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication systemand an apparatus supporting the same.

For example, various examples of the present disclosure may provide apositioning method in a wireless communication system and an apparatussupporting the same.

For example, various examples of the present disclosure relate to UL RSresource configuration composed of N-combs, and may provide apositioning method capable of reducing signaling overhead because astarting position in the frequency domain of at least one RE included inthe UL RS resource is obtained based on an offset included in UL RSconfiguration information and a predefined offset, and an apparatussupporting the same.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the objectsthat could be achieved with the present disclosure are not limited towhat has been particularly described hereinabove and the above and otherobjects that the present disclosure could achieve will be more clearlyunderstood from the following detailed description.

Technical Solution

Various examples of the present disclosure may provide a method fortransmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication systemand an apparatus supporting the same.

In one aspect of the present disclosure, provided herein is a method fora user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the methodincluding receiving a synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel(SS/PBCH) block including a primary synchronization signal (PSS), asecondary synchronization signal (SSS) and a physical broadcast channel(PBCH), receiving system information based on the SS/PBCH block, afterreceiving the system information, receiving uplink reference signal (ULRS) configuration information, and transmitting a UL RS on a UL RSresource configured based on the UL RS configuration information, the ULRS resource including at least one resource element (RE), wherein the atleast one RE is configured as an N-comb in a frequency domain, wherein astarting position of each of the at least one RE in the frequency domainis determined based on a comb offset included in the UL RS configurationinformation and a preset offset, wherein the preset offset is obtainedbased on the N-comb and at least one orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbol for the at least one RE, wherein N is anatural number.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, provided herein is anapparatus in a wireless communication system, including at least oneprocessor, and at least one memory operably coupled to the at least oneprocessors to store one or more instructions configured to cause the atleast one processor to perform operations, the operations includingreceiving a synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH)block including a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondarysynchronization signal (SSS) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH),receiving system information based on the SS/PBCH block, after receivingthe system information, receiving uplink reference signal (UL RS)configuration information, and transmitting a UL RS on a UL RS resourceconfigured based on the UL RS configuration information, the UL RSresource including at least one resource element (RE), wherein the atleast one RE is configured as an N-comb in a frequency domain, wherein astarting position of each of the at least one RE in the frequency domainis determined based on a comb offset included in the UL RS configurationinformation and a preset offset, wherein the preset offset is obtainedbased on the N-comb and at least one orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbol for the at least one RE, wherein N is anatural number.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, provided herein is a userequipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, including at leastone transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memoryoperably coupled to the at least one processors to store one or moreinstructions configured to cause the at least one processor to performoperations, the operations including receiving a synchronizationsignal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block including a primarysynchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), receiving system informationbased on the SS/PBCH block, after receiving the system information,receiving uplink reference signal (UL RS) configuration information, andtransmitting a UL RS on a UL RS resource configured based on the UL RSconfiguration information, the UL RS resource including at least oneresource element (RE), wherein the at least one RE is configured as anN-comb in a frequency domain, wherein a starting position of each of theat least one RE in the frequency domain is determined based on a comboffset included in the UL RS configuration information and a presetoffset, wherein the preset offset is obtained based on the N-comb and atleast one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol forthe at least one RE, wherein N is a natural number.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, provided herein is acomputer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer programincluding one or more instructions that, when executed by at least oneprocessor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for auser equipment (UE), the operations including receiving asynchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) blockincluding a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondarysynchronization signal (SSS) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH),receiving system information based on the SS/PBCH block, after receivingthe system information, receiving uplink reference signal (UL RS)configuration information, and transmitting a UL RS on a UL RS resourceconfigured based on the UL RS configuration information, the UL RSresource including at least one resource element (RE), wherein the atleast one RE is configured as an N-comb in a frequency domain, wherein astarting position of each of the at least one RE in the frequency domainis determined based on a comb offset included in the UL RS configurationinformation and a preset offset, wherein the preset offset is obtainedbased on the N-comb and at least one orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbol for the at least one RE, wherein N is anatural number.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, provided herein is a methodfor a base station in a wireless communication system, the methodincluding transmitting a synchronization signal/physical broadcastchannel (SS/PBCH) block including a primary synchronization signal(PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) and a physical broadcastchannel (PBCH), transmitting system information based on the SS/PBCHblock, after transmitting the system information, transmitting uplinkreference signal (UL RS) configuration information, and receiving a ULRS on a UL RS resource configured based on the UL RS configurationinformation, the UL RS resource including at least one resource element(RE), wherein the at least one RE is configured as an N-comb in afrequency domain, wherein a starting position of each of the at leastone RE in the frequency domain is determined based on a comb offsetincluded in the UL RS configuration information and a preset offset,wherein the preset offset is obtained based on the N-comb and at leastone orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol for the atleast one RE, wherein N is a natural number.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, provided herein is a basestation in a wireless communication system, including at least oneprocessor, and at least one memory operably coupled to the at least oneprocessors to store one or more instructions configured to cause the atleast one processor to perform operations, the operations includingtransmitting a synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel(SS/PBCH) block including a primary synchronization signal (PSS), asecondary synchronization signal (SSS) and a physical broadcast channel(PBCH), transmitting system information based on the SS/PBCH block,after transmitting the system information, transmitting uplink referencesignal (UL RS) configuration information, and receiving a UL RS on a ULRS resource configured based on the UL RS configuration information, theUL RS resource including at least one resource element (RE), wherein theat least one RE is configured as an N-comb in a frequency domain,wherein a starting position of each of the at least one RE in thefrequency domain is determined based on a comb offset included in the ULRS configuration information and a preset offset, wherein the presetoffset is obtained based on the N-comb and at least one orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol for the at least one RE,wherein N is a natural number.

For example, based on the UL RS being configured for positioning, thepreset offset may differ among the at least one OFDM symbol.

For example, each of the at least one RE may be configured at intervalsof N from the starting position in ascending order in the frequencydomain.

For example, the starting position of each of the at least one RE in thefrequency domain may be determined based on a modulo N operationperformed on a value obtained by adding the comb offset and the presetoffset.

For example, the UL RS configuration information may be received througha higher layer.

For example, a transmit power for the UL RS may be determined based on apath-loss measured through an RS configured as quasi co-location (QCL)type-D.

For example, the UL RS may be a reference sounding signal (SRS).

Various examples of the present disclosure as described above are onlysome of preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and thoseskilled in the art may derive and understand many embodiments in whichtechnical features of the various examples of the present disclosure arereflected based on the following detailed description.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS

According to various examples of the present disclosure, the followingeffects may be achieved.

According to various examples of the present disclosure, a method fortransmitting and receiving a signal in a wireless communication systemand an apparatus supporting the same may be provided.

For example, according to various examples of the present disclosure, apositioning method in a wireless communication system and an apparatussupporting the same may be provided.

For example, various examples of the present disclosure relate to UL RSresource configuration composed of N-combs, and may provide apositioning method capable of reducing signaling overhead because astarting position in the frequency domain of at least one RE included inthe UL RS resource is obtained based on an offset included in UL RSconfiguration information and a predefined offset, and an apparatussupporting the same.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the effectsthat can be achieved with the present disclosure are not limited to whathas been particularly described hereinabove and other advantages of thepresent disclosure will be more clearly understood from the followingdetailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the various examples of the present disclosure, providethe various examples of the present disclosure together with detailexplanation. Yet, a technical characteristic the various examples of thepresent disclosure is not limited to a specific drawing. Characteristicsdisclosed in each of the drawings are combined with each other toconfigure a new example. Reference numerals in each drawing correspondto structural elements.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating physical channels and a signaltransmission method using the physical channels, which may be used invarious examples of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a radio frame structure in a new radioaccess technology (NR) system to which various examples of the presentdisclosure are applicable.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure in an NR system towhich various examples of the present disclosure are applicable.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a self-contained slot structure towhich various examples of the present disclosure are applicable.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a synchronization signal block (SSB)structure to which various examples of the present disclosure areapplicable.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary SSB transmission method towhich various examples of the present disclosure are applicable.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating exemplary multi-beam transmission ofSSBs, which is applicable to various examples of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary method of indicating anactually transmitted SSB, SSB_tx, which is applicable to variousexamples of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary UL-DL timing relationship,which is applicable to various examples of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary positioning protocolconfiguration for UE positioning, which is applicable to variousexamples of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates exemplary mapping of a positioning reference signal(PRS) in a long term evolution (LTE) system to which various examples ofthe present disclosure are applicable.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of an architecture of asystem for positioning a UE, to which various examples of the presentdisclosure are applicable.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a procedure ofpositioning a UE, to which various examples of the present disclosureare applicable.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating protocol layers for supporting LTEpositioning protocol (LPP) message transmission, to which variousexamples of the present disclosure are applicable.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating protocol layers for supporting NRpositioning protocol A (NRPPa) protocol data unit (PDU) transmission, towhich various examples of the present disclosure are applicable.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an observed time difference of arrival(OTDOA) positioning method, to which various examples of the presentdisclosure are applicable.

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a multi-round trip time (multi-RTT)positioning method to which various examples of the present disclosureare applicable.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating SRS resource mapping of a Comb-4 typeaccording to an example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating a SRS resource transmission methodFOR a base station/UE according to an example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 illustrates a staggered RE pattern/type in a Comb-2 typeaccording to an example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 21 illustrates a staggered RE pattern/type in a Comb-4 typeaccording to an example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an SRS resource transmission methodfor a base station/UE according to another example of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 23 illustrates beam sweeping according to an example of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating an SRS resource transmission methodfor a base station/UE according to another example of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 25 is a simplified diagram illustrating an initial network accessand subsequent communication procedure according to various examples ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 26 is a flowchart illustrating a UL RS transmission method for a UEaccording to an example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating a UL RS reception method for a TPaccording to an example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating devices that implement variousexamples of the present disclosure.

FIG. 29 illustrates an exemplary communication system to which variousexamples of the present disclosure are applied.

FIG. 30 illustrates exemplary wireless devices to which various examplesof the present disclosure are applicable.

FIG. 31 illustrates other exemplary wireless devices to which variousexamples of the present disclosure are applied.

FIG. 32 illustrates an exemplary portable device to which variousexamples of the present disclosure are applied.

FIG. 33 illustrates an exemplary vehicle or autonomous driving vehicleto which various examples of the present disclosure.

FIG. 34 illustrates an exemplary vehicle to which various examples ofthe present disclosure are applied.

MODE FOR DISCLOSURE

The various examples of the present disclosure described below arecombinations of elements and features of the various examples of thepresent disclosure in specific forms. The elements or features may beconsidered selective unless otherwise mentioned. Each element or featuremay be practiced without being combined with other elements or features.Further, various examples of the present disclosure may be constructedby combining parts of the elements and/or features. Operation ordersdescribed in various examples of the present disclosure may berearranged. Some constructions or elements of any one embodiment may beincluded in another embodiment and may be replaced with correspondingconstructions or features of another embodiment.

In the description of the attached drawings, a detailed description ofknown procedures or steps of the various examples of the presentdisclosure will be avoided lest it should obscure the subject matter ofthe various examples of the present disclosure. In addition, proceduresor steps that could be understood to those skilled in the art will notbe described either.

Throughout the specification, when a certain portion “includes” or“comprises” a certain component, this indicates that other componentsare not excluded and may be further included unless otherwise noted. Theterms “unit”, “-or/er” and “module” described in the specificationindicate a unit for processing at least one function or operation, whichmay be implemented by hardware, software or a combination thereof. Inaddition, the terms “a or an”, “one”, “the” etc. may include a singularrepresentation and a plural representation in the context of the variousexamples of the present disclosure (more particularly, in the context ofthe following claims) unless indicated otherwise in the specification orunless context clearly indicates otherwise.

In the various examples of the present disclosure, a description ismainly made of a data transmission and reception relationship between aBase Station (BS) and a User Equipment (UE). A BS refers to a terminalnode of a network, which directly communicates with a UE. A specificoperation described as being performed by the BS may be performed by anupper node of the BS.

Namely, it is apparent that, in a network comprised of a plurality ofnetwork nodes including a BS, various operations performed forcommunication with a UE may be performed by the BS, or network nodesother than the BS. The term ‘BS’ may be replaced with a fixed station, aNode B, an evolved Node B (eNode B or eNB), gNode B (gNB), an AdvancedBase Station (ABS), an access point, etc.

In the various examples of the present disclosure, the term terminal maybe replaced with a UE, a Mobile Station (MS), a Subscriber Station (SS),a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a mobile terminal, an Advanced MobileStation (AMS), etc.

A transmission end is a fixed and/or mobile node that provides a dataservice or a voice service and a reception end is a fixed and/or mobilenode that receives a data service or a voice service. Therefore, a UEmay serve as a transmission end and a BS may serve as a reception end,on an uplink (UL). Likewise, the UE may serve as a reception end and theBS may serve as a transmission end, on a downlink (DL).

Various examples of the present disclosure may be supported by standardspecifications disclosed for at least one of wireless access systemsincluding an institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE)802.xx system, a 3^(rd) generation partnership project (3GPP) system, a3GPP long term evolution (LTE) system, a 3GPP 5^(th) generation (5G) newRAT (NR) system, or a 3GPP2 system. In particular, various examples ofthe present disclosure may be supported by standard specificationsincluding 3GPP TS 36.211, 3GPP TS 36.212, 3GPP TS 36.213, 3GPP TS36.300, 3GPP TS 36.321, 3GPP TS 36.331, 3GPP TS 36.355, 3GPP TS 36.455,3GPP TS 37.355, 3GPP TS 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS38.214, 3GPP TS 38.215, 3GPP TS 38.300, 3GPP TS 38.321, 3GPP TS 38.331,and 3GPP TS 38.455. That is, steps or parts which are not described invarious examples of the present disclosure may be described withreference to the above standard specifications. Further, all terms usedherein may be described by the standard specifications.

Reference will now be made in detail to the various embodiments of thepresent disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings. Thedetailed description, which will be given below with reference to theaccompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplary embodiments ofthe present disclosure, rather than to show the only embodiments thatcan be implemented according to the disclosure.

The following detailed description includes specific terms in order toprovide a thorough understanding of the various examples of the presentdisclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the artthat the specific terms may be replaced with other terms withoutdeparting the technical spirit and scope of the various examples of thepresent disclosure.

Hereinafter, 3GPP LTE/LTE-A systems and 3GPP NR system are explained,which are examples of wireless access systems.

The various examples of the present disclosure can be applied to variouswireless access systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA),Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), SingleCarrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc.

CDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such as UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be implemented asa radio technology such as Global System for Mobile communications(GSM)/General packet Radio Service (GPRS)/Enhanced Data Rates for GSMEvolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such asIEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA(E-UTRA), etc.

UTRA is a part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).3GPP LTE is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA, adopting OFDMAfor DL and SC-FDMA for UL. LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of 3GPPLTE.

While the various examples of the present disclosure are described inthe context of 3GPP LTE/LTE-A systems and 3GPP NR system in order toclarify the technical features of the various examples of the presentdisclosure, the various examples of the present disclosure is alsoapplicable to an IEEE 802.16e/m system, etc.

1. Overview of 3GPP System 1.1. Physical Channels and General SignalTransmission

In a wireless access system, a UE receives information from a basestation on a DL and transmits information to the base station on a UL.The information transmitted and received between the UE and the basestation includes general data information and various types of controlinformation. There are many physical channels according to thetypes/usages of information transmitted and received between the basestation and the UE.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating physical channels and a signaltransmission method using the physical channels, which may be used invarious examples of the present disclosure.

When a UE is powered on or enters a new cell, the UE performs initialcell search (S11). The initial cell search involves acquisition ofsynchronization to a BS. Specifically, the UE synchronizes its timing tothe base station and acquires information such as a cell identifier (ID)by receiving a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) and a secondarysynchronization channel (S-SCH) from the BS.

Then the UE may acquire information broadcast in the cell by receiving aphysical broadcast channel (PBCH) from the base station.

During the initial cell search, the UE may monitor a DL channel state byreceiving a Downlink Reference Signal (DL RS).

After the initial cell search, the UE may acquire more detailed systeminformation by receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) andreceiving on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) based oninformation of the PDCCH (S12).

Subsequently, to complete connection to the eNB, the UE may perform arandom access procedure with the eNB (S13 to S16). In the random accessprocedure, the UE may transmit a preamble on a physical random accesschannel (PRACH) (S13) and may receive a PDCCH and a random accessresponse (RAR) for the preamble on a PDSCH associated with the PDCCH(S14). The UE may transmit a PUSCH by using scheduling information inthe RAR (S15), and perform a contention resolution procedure includingreception of a PDCCH signal and a PDSCH signal corresponding to thePDCCH signal (S16).

When the random access procedure is performed in two steps, steps S13and S15 may be combined into one operation for a UE transmission, andsteps S14 and S16 may be combined into one operation for a BStransmission.

After the above procedure, the UE may receive a PDCCH and/or a PDSCHfrom the BS (S17) and transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)and/or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) to the BS (S18), in ageneral UL/DL signal transmission procedure.

Control information that the UE transmits to the BS is genericallycalled uplink control information (UCI). The UCI includes a hybridautomatic repeat and request acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement(HARQ-ACK/NACK), a scheduling request (SR), a channel quality indicator(CQI), a precoding matrix index (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), etc.

In general, UCI is transmitted periodically on a PUCCH. However, ifcontrol information and traffic data should be transmittedsimultaneously, the control information and traffic data may betransmitted on a PUSCH. In addition, the UCI may be transmittedaperiodically on the PUSCH, upon receipt of a request/command from anetwork.

1.2. Radio Frame Structures

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a radio frame structure in an NR systemto which various examples of the present disclosure are applicable.

The NR system may support multiple numerologies. A numerology may bedefined by a subcarrier spacing (SCS) and a cyclic prefix (CP) overhead.Multiple SCSs may be derived by scaling a default SCS by an integer N(or μ). Further, even though it is assumed that a very small SCS is notused in a very high carrier frequency, a numerology to be used may beselected independently of the frequency band of a cell. Further, the NRsystem may support various frame structures according to multiplenumerologies.

Now, a description will be given of OFDM numerologies and framestructures which may be considered for the NR system. Multiple OFDMnumerologies supported by the NR system may be defined as listed inTable 1. For a bandwidth part, μ and a CP are obtained from RRCparameters provided by the BS.

TABLE 1 μ Δf = 2^(μ) · 15 [kHz] Cyclic prefix 0 15 Normal 1 30 Normal 260 Normal, Extended 3 120 Normal 4 240 Normal

In NR, multiple numerologies (e.g., SCSs) are supported to support avariety of 5G services. For example, a wide area in cellular bands issupported for an SCS of 15 kHz, a dense-urban area, a lower latency, anda wider carrier bandwidth are supported for an SCS of 30 kHz/60 kHz, anda larger bandwidth than 24.25 GHz is supported for an SCS of 60 kHz ormore, to overcome phase noise.

An NR frequency band is defined by two types of frequency ranges, FR1and FR2. FR1 may be a sub-6 GHz range, and FR2 may be an above-6 GHzrange, that is, a millimeter wave (mmWave) band.

Table 2 below defines the NR frequency band, by way of example.

TABLE 2 Frequency range Corresponding Subcarrier designation frequencyrange Spacing FR1  410 MHz-7125 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz-52600MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

Regarding a frame structure in the NR system, the time-domain sizes ofvarious fields are represented as multiples of a basic time unit for NR,T_(c)=1/(Δƒ_(max)*N_(f)) where Δƒ_(max)=480* 10³ Hz and a value N_(f)related to a fast Fourier transform (FFT) size or an inverse fastFourier transform (IFFT) size is given as N_(f)=4096. T_(c) and T_(s)which is an LTE-based time unit and sampling time, given as T_(s)=1/((15kHz)*2048) are placed in the following relationship: T_(s)/T_(c)=64. DLand UL transmissions are organized into (radio) frames each having aduration of T_(f)=(Δƒ_(max)*N_(f)/100)*T_(c)=10 ms. Each radio frameincludes 10 subframes each having a duration ofT_(sf)=(Δƒ_(max)*N_(f)/1000)*T_(c)=1 ms. There may exist one set offrames for UL and one set of frames for DL. For a numerology ,μ, slotsare numbered with n∈{0, . . . , N^(slot,μ) _(subframe)−1} in anincreasing order in a subframe, and with n^(μ) _(s,f)∈{0, . . . ,N^(slot,μ) _(frame)−1} in an increasing order in a radio frame. One slotincludes N^(μ) _(symb) consecutive OFDM symbols, and N^(μ) _(symb)depends on a CP. The start of a slot n^(μ) _(s) in a subframe is alignedin time with the start of an OFDM symbol n^(μ) _(s)*N^(μ) _(symb) in thesame subframe.

Table 3 lists the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots perframe, and the number of slots per subframe, for each SCS in a normal CPcase, and Table 4 lists the number of symbols per slot, the number ofslots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe, for each SCS inan extended CP case.

TABLE 3 μ N_(symb) ^(slot) N_(slot) ^(frame, μ) N_(slot) ^(subframe, μ)0 14 10 1 1 14 20 2 2 14 40 4 3 14 80 8 4 14 160 16

TABLE 4 μ N_(symb) ^(slot) N_(slot) ^(frame, μ) N_(slot) ^(subframe, μ)2 12 40 4

In the above tables, N^(slot) _(symb) represents the number of symbolsin a slot, N^(frame,μ) _(slot) represents the number of slots in aframe, and N^(subframe,μ) _(slot) represents the number of slots in asubframe.

In the NR system to which various examples of the present disclosure areapplicable, different OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCSs, CP lengths, andso on) may be configured for a plurality of cells which are aggregatedfor one UE. Accordingly, the (absolute time) period of a time resourceincluding the same number of symbols (e.g., a subframe (SF), a slot, ora TTI) (generically referred to as a time unit (TU), for convenience)may be configured differently for the aggregated cells.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example with μ=2 (i.e., an SCS of 60 kHz), inwhich referring to Table 3, one subframe may include four slots. Onesubframe={1, 2, 4} slots in FIG. 2, which is exemplary, and the numberof slot(s) which may be included in one subframe is defined as listed inTable 3 or Table 4.

Further, a mini-slot may include 2, 4 or 7 symbols, fewer symbols than2, or more symbols than 7.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure in an NR system towhich various examples of the present disclosure are applicable.

Referring FIG. 3, one slot includes a plurality of symbols in the timedomain. For example, one slot includes 7 symbols in a normal CP case and6 symbols in an extended CP case.

A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain.An RB is defined by a plurality of (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers inthe frequency domain.

A bandwidth part (BWP), which is defined by a plurality of consecutive(P)RBs in the frequency domain, may correspond to one numerology (e.g.,SCS, CP length, and so on).

A carrier may include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication may beconducted in an activated BWP, and only one BWP may be activated for oneUE. In a resource grid, each element is referred to as an RE, to whichone complex symbol may be mapped.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a self-contained slot structure towhich various examples of the present disclosure are applicable.

The self-contained slot structure may refer to a slot structure in whichall of a DL control channel, DL/UL data, and a UL control channel may beincluded in one slot.

In FIG. 4, the hatched area (e.g., symbol index=0) indicates a DLcontrol region, and the black area (e.g., symbol index=13) indicates aUL control region. The remaining area (e.g., symbol index=1 to 12) maybe used for DL or UL data transmission.

Based on this structure, a BS and a UE may sequentially perform DLtransmission and UL transmission in one slot. That is, the BS and UE maytransmit and receive not only DL data but also a UL ACK/NACK for the DLdata in one slot. Consequently, this structure may reduce a timerequired until data retransmission when a data transmission erroroccurs, thereby minimizing the latency of a final data transmission.

In this self-contained slot structure, a predetermined length of timegap is required to allow the BS and the UE to switch from transmissionmode to reception mode and vice versa. To this end, in theself-contained slot structure, some OFDM symbols at the time ofswitching from DL to UL may be configured as a guard period (GP).

While the self-contained slot structure has been described above asincluding both of a DL control region and a UL control region, thecontrol regions may selectively be included in the self-contained slotstructure. In other words, the self-contained slot structure accordingto various examples of the present disclosure may cover a case ofincluding only the DL control region or the UL control region as well asa case of including both of the DL control region and the UL controlregion, as illustrated in FIG. 12.

Further, the sequence of the regions included in one slot may varyaccording to embodiments. For example, one slot may include the DLcontrol region, the DL data region, the UL control region, and the ULdata region in this order, or the UL control region, the UL data region,the DL control region, and the DL data region in this order.

A PDCCH may be transmitted in the DL control region, and a PDSCH may betransmitted in the DL data region. A PUCCH may be transmitted in the ULcontrol region, and a PUSCH may be transmitted in the UL data region.

1.3. Channel Structures 1.3.1. DL Channel Structures

The BS transmits related signals to the UE on DL channels as describedbelow, and the UE receives the related signals from the BS on the DLchannels.

1.3.1.1. Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

The PDSCH conveys DL data (e.g., DL-shared channel transport block(DL-SCH TB)) and uses a modulation scheme such as quadrature phase shiftkeying (QPSK), 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16 QAM), 64 QAM,or 256 QAM. A TB is encoded into a codeword. The PDSCH may deliver up totwo codewords. Scrambling and modulation mapping are performed on acodeword basis, and modulation symbols generated from each codeword aremapped to one or more layers (layer mapping). Each layer together with ademodulation reference signal (DMRS) is mapped to resources, generatedas an OFDM symbol signal, and transmitted through a correspondingantenna port.

1.3.1.2. Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)

The PDCCH may deliver downlink control information (DCI), for example,DL data scheduling information, UL data scheduling information, and soon. The PUCCH may deliver uplink control information (UCI), for example,an acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) information forDL data, channel state information (CSI), a scheduling request (SR), andso on.

The PDCCH carries downlink control information (DCI) and is modulated inquadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). One PDCCH includes 1, 2, 4, 8, or16 control channel elements (CCEs) according to an aggregation level(AL). One CCE includes 6 resource element groups (REGs). One REG isdefined by one OFDM symbol by one (P)RB.

The PDCCH is transmitted in a control resource set (CORESET). A CORESETis defined as a set of REGs having a given numerology (e.g., SCS, CPlength, and so on). A plurality of CORESETs for one UE may overlap witheach other in the time/frequency domain. A CORESET may be configured bysystem information (e.g., a master information block (MIB)) or byUE-specific higher layer (RRC) signaling. Specifically, the number ofRBs and the number of symbols (up to 3 symbols) included in a CORESETmay be configured by higher-layer signaling.

For each CORESET, a precoder granularity in the frequency domain is setto one of the followings by higher-layer signaling:

-   -   sameAsREG-bundle: It equals to an REG bundle size in the        frequency domain.    -   allContiguousRBs: It equals to the number of contiguous RBs in        the frequency domain within the CORESET.

The REGs of the CORESET are numbered in a time-first mapping manner.That is, the REGs are sequentially numbered in an increasing order,starting with 0 for the first OFDM symbol of the lowest-numbered RB inthe CORESET.

CCE-to-REG mapping for the CORESET may be an interleaved type or anon-interleaved type.

The UE acquires DCI delivered on a PDCCH by decoding (so-called blinddecoding) a set of PDCCH candidates. A set of PDCCH candidates decodedby a UE are defined as a PDCCH search space set. A search space set maybe a common search space (CSS) or a UE-specific search space (USS). TheUE may acquire DCI by monitoring PDCCH candidates in one or more searchspace sets configured by an MIB or higher-layer signaling. Each CORESETconfiguration is associated with one or more search space sets, and eachsearch space set is associated with one CORESET configuration. Onesearch space set is determined based on the following parameters.

-   -   controlResourceSetId: A set of control resources related to the        search space set.    -   monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset: A PDCCH monitoring        periodicity (in slots) and a PDCCH monitoring offset (in slots).    -   monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot: A PDCCH monitoring pattern (e.g.,        the first symbol(s) in the CORESET) in a PDCCH monitoring slot.    -   nrofCandidates: The number of PDCCH candidates for each AL={ 1,        2, 4, 8, 16} (one of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8).

Table 5 lists exemplary features of the respective search space types.

TABLE 5 Search Type Space RNTI Use Case Type0-PDCCH Common SI-RNTI on aprimary cell SIB Decoding Type0A-PDCCH Common SI-RNTI on a primary cellSIB Decoding Type1-PDCCH Common RA-RNTI or TC-RNTI on Msg2, Msg4 aprimary cell decoding in RACH Type2-PDCCH Common P-RNTI on a primarycell Paging Decoding Type3-PDCCH Coinnion INT-RNTI, SFI-RNTI,TPC-PUSCH-RNTI, TPC- PUCCH-RNTI, TPC-SRS- RNTI, C-RNTI, MCS-C- RNTI, orCS-RNTI( s) UE C-RNTI, or MCS-C- User specific Specific RNTI, orCS-RNTI(s) PDSCH decoding

Table 6 lists exemplary DCI formats transmitted on the PDCCH.

TABLE 6 DCI format Usage 0_0 Scheduling of PUSCH in one cell 0_1Scheduling of PUSCH in one cell 1_0 Scheduling of PDSCH in one cell 1_1Scheduling of PDSCH in one cell 2_0 Not a group of UEs of the slotformat 2_1 Notifying a group of UEs of the PRD(s) and OFDM symbol(s)where UE may assume no transmission is intended for the UE 2_2Transmission of TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH 2_3 Transmission of agroup of TPC commands for SRS transmissions by one or more UEs

DCI format 0_0 may be used to schedule a TB-based (or TB-level) PUSCH,and DCI format 0_1 may be used to schedule a TB-based (or TB-level)PUSCH or a code block group (CBG)-based (or CBG-level) PUSCH. DCI format1_0 may be used to schedule a TB-based (or TB-level) PDSCH, and DCIformat 1_1 may be used to schedule a TB-based (or TB-level) PDSCH or aCBG-based (or CBG-level) PDSCH. DCI format 2_0 is used to deliverdynamic slot format information (e.g., a dynamic slot format indicator(SFI)) to the UE, and DCI format 2_1 is used to deliver DL preemptioninformation to the UE. DCI format 2_0 and/or DCI format 2_1 may bedelivered to the UEs of a group on a group common PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) whichis a PDCCH directed to a group of UEs.

1.3.2. UL Channel Structures

The UE transmits related signals on later-described UL channels to theBS, and the BS receives the related signals on the UL channels from theUE.

1.3.2.1. Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)

The PUSCH delivers UL data (e.g., a UL-shared channel transport block(UL-SCH TB)) and/or UCI, in cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveforms or discrete Fouriertransform-spread-orthogonal division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM)waveforms. If the PUSCH is transmitted in DFT-s-OFDM waveforms, the UEtransmits the PUSCH by applying transform precoding. For example, iftransform precoding is impossible (e.g., transform precoding isdisabled), the UE may transmit the PUSCH in CP-OFDM waveforms, and iftransform precoding is possible (e.g., transform precoding is enabled),the UE may transmit the PUSCH in CP-OFDM waveforms or DFT-s-OFDMwaveforms. The PUSCH transmission may be scheduled dynamically by a ULgrant in DCI or semi-statically by higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRCsignaling) (and/or layer 1 (L1) signaling (e.g., a PDCCH)) (a configuredgrant). The PUSCH transmission may be performed in a codebook-based ornon-codebook-based manner.

1.3.2.2. Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)

The PUCCH delivers UCI, an HARQ-ACK, and/or an SR and is classified as ashort PUCCH or a long PUCCH according to the transmission duration ofthe PUCCH. Table 7 lists exemplary PUCCH formats.

TABLE 7 Length in OFDM PUCCH symbols Number format N_(symb) ^(PUCCH) ofbits Usage Etc 0 1-2  ≤2 HALQ, SR Sequence selection 1 4-14 ≤2 HARQ,[SR] Sequence modulation 2 1-2  >2 HARQ, CP-OFDM CSI, [SR] 3 4-14 >2HARQ, DFT-s-OFDM CSI, [SR] (no UE multiplexing) 4 4-14 >2 HARQ,DFT-s-OFDM CSI, [SR] (Pre DFT OCR)

PUCCH format 0 conveys UCI of up to 2 bits and is mapped in asequence-based manner, for transmission. Specifically, the UE transmitsspecific UCI to the BS by transmitting one of a plurality of sequenceson a PUCCH of PUCCH format 0. Only when the UE transmits a positive SR,the UE transmits the PUCCH of PUCCH format 0 in a PUCCH resource for acorresponding SR configuration.

PUCCH format 1 conveys UCI of up to 2 bits and modulation symbols of theUCI are spread with an OCC (which is configured differently whetherfrequency hopping is performed) in the time domain. The DMRS istransmitted in a symbol in which a modulation symbol is not transmitted(i.e., transmitted in time division multiplexing (TDM)).

PUCCH format 2 conveys UCI of more than 2 bits and modulation symbols ofthe DCI are transmitted in frequency division multiplexing (FDM) withthe DMRS. The DMRS is located in symbols #1, #4, #7, and #10 of a givenRB with a density of ⅓. A pseudo noise (PN) sequence is used for a DMRSsequence. For 1-symbol PUCCH format 2, frequency hopping may beactivated.

PUCCH format 3 does not support UE multiplexing in the same PRBS, andconveys UCI of more than 2 bits. In other words, PUCCH resources ofPUCCH format 3 do not include an OCC. Modulation symbols are transmittedin TDM with the DMRS.

PUCCH format 4 supports multiplexing of up to 4 UEs in the same PRBS,and conveys UCI of more than 2 bits. In other words, PUCCH resources ofPUCCH format 3 includes an OCC. Modulation symbols are transmitted inTDM with the DMRS.

1.4. Cell Search

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a synchronization signal block (SSB)structure to which various examples of the present disclosure areapplicable.

The UE may perform cell search, system information acquisition, beamalignment for initial access, DL measurement, and the like based on theSSB. Terms SSB the synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel(SS/PBCH) block will be interchangeably used.

Referring to FIG. 5, the SSB includes a PSS, an SSS, and a PBCH. The SSBincludes four consecutive OFDM symbols, and the PSS, the PBCH, theSSS/PBCH, and the PBCH are transmitted in the respective OFDM symbols.Each of the PSS and the SSS includes one OFDM symbol by 127 subcarriers,and the PBCH includes three OFDM symbols by 576 subcarriers. Polarcoding and QPSK are applied to the PBCH. The PBCH includes data REs anddemodulation reference signal (DMRS) REs in every OFDM symbol. There arethree DMRS REs per RB, with three data REs between every two adjacentDMRS REs.

Cell search is a process of acquiring time/frequency synchronizationwith a cell and detecting the identifier (ID) (e.g., physical cell ID(PCID)) of the cell. The PSS is used to detect a cell ID in a cell IDgroup, and the SSS is used to detect the cell ID group. The PBCH is usedto detect an SSB (time) index and a half-frame.

The cell search process of the UE may be summarized in Table 8.

TABLE 8 Type of Signals Operations 1^(st) PSS SS/PBCH block (SSB) symboltiming step acquisition Cell ID detection within a cell ID group (3hypothesis) 2^(nd) SSS Cell ID group detection (336 hypothesis) Step3^(rd) PBCH SSB index and Half frame (HF) index Step DMRS (Slot andframe boundary detection) 4^(th) PBCH Time information (80 ms, SystemFrame Step Number (SFN), SSB index, HF) Remaining Minimum SystemInformation (RMSI) Control resource set (CORESET)/Search spaceconfiguration 5^(th) PDCCH and Cell access information Step PDSCH RACHconfiguration

There may be 336 cell ID groups, each including three cell IDs. Theremay be 1008 cell IDs in total. Information about a cell ID group towhich the cell ID of a cell belongs may be provided/obtained through theSSS of the cell, and information about the cell ID among 336 cells inthe cell ID may be provided/obtained through the PSS.

FIG. 6 is an exemplary SSB transmission method to which various examplesof the present disclosure are applicable.

Referring to FIG. 6, an SSB is periodically transmitted according to anSSB periodicity. A basic SSB periodicity assumed by the UE in theinitial cell search is defined as 20 ms. After cell access, the SSBperiodicity may be set to one of {5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, 160ms} by the network (e.g., the BS). An SSB burst set is configured at thebeginning of an SSB period. The SSB burst set may be configured in a5-ms time window (i.e., half-frame), and an SSB may be repeatedlytransmitted up to L times within the SS burst set. The maximum number Lof transmissions of the SSB may be given according to the frequency bandof a carrier as follows. One slot includes up to two SSBs.

-   -   For frequency range up to 3 GHz, L=4    -   For frequency range from 3 GHz to 6 GHz, L=8    -   For frequency range from 6 GHz to 52.6 GHz, L=64

The time position of an SSB candidate in the SS burst set may be definedaccording to an SCS as follows. The time positions of SSB candidates areindexed as (SSB indexes) 0 to L-1 in temporal order within the SSB burstset (i.e., half-frame).

-   -   Case A: 15-kHz SCS: The indexes of the first symbols of        candidate SSBs are given as {2, 8}+14*n where n=0, 1 for a        carrier frequency equal to or lower than 3 GHz, and n=0, 1, 2, 3        for a carrier frequency of 3 GHz to 6 GHz.    -   Case B: 30-kHz SCS: The indexes of the first symbols of        candidate SSBs are given as {4, 8, 16, 20}+28*n where n=0 for a        carrier frequency equal to or lower than 3 GHz, and n=0, 1 for a        carrier frequency of 3 GHz to 6 GHz.    -   Case C: 30-kHz SCS: The indexes of the first symbols of        candidate SSBs are given as {2, 8}+14*n where n=0, 1 for a        carrier frequency equal to or lower than 3GHz, and n=0, 1, 2, 3        for a carrier frequency of 3 GHz to 6 GHz.    -   Case D: 120-kHz SCS: The indexes of the first symbols of        candidate SSBs are given as {4, 8, 16, 20}+28*n where n=0, 1, 2,        3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 fora carrier        frequency above 6 GHz.    -   Case E: 240-kHz SCS: The indexes of the first symbols of        candidate SSBs are given as {8, 12, 16, 20, 32, 36, 40, 44}        +56*n where n=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 for a carrier frequency        above 6 GHz.

1.5. Beam Alignment

FIG. 7 illustrates exemplary multi-beam transmission of SSBs, which isapplicable to various examples of the present disclosure.

Beam sweeping refers to changing the beam (direction) of a wirelesssignal over time at a transmission reception point (TRP) (e.g., aBS/cell) (hereinafter, the terms beam and beam direction areinterchangeably used). An SSB may be transmitted periodically by beamsweeping. In this case, SSB indexes are implicitly linked to SSB beams.An SSB beam may be changed on an SSB (index) basis or on an SSB (index)group basis. In the latter case, the same SSB beam is maintained in anSSB (index) group. That is, the transmission (Tx) beam direction of anSSB is repeated over a plurality of successive SSBs. A maximum allowedtransmission number L for an SSB in an SSB burst set is 4, 8 or 64according to the frequency band of a carrier. Accordingly, a maximumnumber of SSB beams in the SSB burst set may also be given according tothe frequency band of a carrier as follows.

-   -   For frequency range up to 3 GHz, Max number of beams=4    -   For frequency range from 3 GHz to 6 GHz, Max number of beams=8    -   For frequency range from 6 GHz to 52.6 GHz, Max number of        beams=64

Without multi-beam transmission, the number of SSB beams is 1.

When the UE attempts initial access to the BS, the UE may align beamswith the BS based on an SSB. For example, the UE detects SSBs and thenidentifies the best SSB. Subsequently, the UE may transmit an RACHpreamble in a PRACH resource linked/corresponding to the index (i.e.,beam) of the best SSB. The SSB may also be used for beam alignmentbetween the BS and the UE even after the initial access.

1.6. Channel Measurement and Rate-Matching

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary method of indicating anactually transmitted SSB, SSB tx, which is applicable to variousexamples of the present disclosure.

Up to L SSBs may be transmitted in an SSB burst set, and thenumber/positions of actually transmitted SSBs may be different for eachBS/cell. The number/positions of actually transmitted SSBs are used forrate-matching and measurement, and information about the actuallytransmitted SSBs is indicated as follows.

-   -   Rate-matching-related: The information may be indicated by        UE-specific RRC signaling or RMSI. The UE-specific RRC signaling        includes full bitmaps (e.g., of length L) for FR1 and FR2. The        RMSI includes a full bitmap for FR1 and a compressed bitmap for        FR2 as illustrated. Specifically, the information about actually        transmitted SSBs may be indicated by a group bitmap (8 bits)+an        in-group bitmap (8 bits). Resources (e.g., REs) indicated by the        UE-specific RRC signaling or the RMSI may be reserved for SSB        transmission, and a PDSCH/PUSCH may be rate-matched in        consideration of the SSB resources.    -   Measurement-related: In RRC connected mode, the network (e.g.,        the BS) may indicate an SSB set to be measured within a        measurement period. An SSB set may be indicated on a frequency        layer basis. In the absence of an indication related to an SSB        set, a default SSB set is used. The default SSB set includes all        SSBs within a measurement period. The SSB set may be indicated        by a full bitmap (e.g., of length L) of RRC signaling. In RRC        idle mode, the default SSB set is used.

1.7. QCL (Quasi Co-located or Quasi Co-Location)

The UE may receive a list of up to M TCI-State configurations to decodea PDSCH according to a detected PDCCH carrying DCI intended for the UEand a given cell. M depends on a UE capability.

Each TCI-State includes a parameter for establishing a QCL relationshipbetween one or two DL RSs and a PDSCH DMRS port. The QCL relationship isestablished with an RRC parameter qcl-Type1 for a first DL RS and an RRCparameter qcl-Type2 for a second DL RS (if configured).

The QCL type of each DL RS is given by a parameter ‘qcl-Type’ includedin QCL-Info, and may have one of the following values.

-   -   ‘QCL-TypeA’: {Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay,        delay spread}    -   ‘QCL-TypeB’: {Doppler shift, Doppler spread}    -   ‘QCL-TypeC’: {Doppler shift, average delay}    -   ‘QCL-TypeD’: {Spatial Rx parameter}

For example, when a target antenna port is for a specific NZP CSI-RS,corresponding NZP CSI-RS antenna ports may be indicated/configured asQCLed with a specific TRS from the perspective of QCL-Type A and with aspecific SSB from the perspective of QCL-Type D. Upon receipt of thisindication/configuration, the UE may receive the NZP CSI-RS using aDoppler value and a delay value which are measured in a QCL-TypeA TRS,and apply an Rx beam used to receive a QCL-Type D SSB for reception ofthe NZP CSI-RS.

1.8. UL-DL Timing Relationship

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary UL-DL timing relationshipapplicable to various examples of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 9, a UE starts to transmit UL frame iT_(TA)=(N_(TA,offset)) T_(C) seconds before transmission of a DL radioframe corresponding to UL radio frame i. However, T_(TA)=0 isexceptionally used for msgA transmission on a PUSCH.

Each parameter may be defined as described in Table 9 below.

TABLE 9 N_(TA) In case of random access response, a timing advancecommand [11, TS 38.321], T_(A), for a TAG indicates N_(TA) values byindex values of T_(A) = 0, 1, 2, . . . , 3846, where an amount of thetime alignment for the TAG with SCS of 2

 · 15 kHZ is N_(TA) = T_(A) · 16 · 64/2

 · N_(TA) is defined in [4, TS 38.211] and is relative to the SCS of thefirst uplink transmission from the UE after the reception of the randomaccess response. In other cases, a timing advance command [11, TS38.321], T_(A), for a TAG indicates adjustment of a current N_(TA)value, N

, to the new N_(TA) value,

, by index values of T_(A) = 0, 1, 2, . . . , 63, where for a SCS of 2

 · 15 kHz, N_(TA)

 = N_(TA)

+ (TA − 31) · 16 · 64/2

. Frequency range and band of cell N_(TA) offset used for uplinktransmission (Unit: T_(C)) FR1 FDD band without LTE-NR coexistence caseor 25600 FR1 TDD band without LTE-NR coexistence case (Note 1) FR1 FDDband with LTE-NR coexistence case 0 (Note 1) FR1 TOD band with LTE-NRcoexistence case 39936 (Note 1) FR2 13792 Note 1 The UE identifiesN_(TAoffset) based on the infornation n-TimingAdvanceOffset as specifiedin TS 38.331 [2], If UE is not provided with the informationn-TimingAdvanceOffset, the default value of is set as 25600 for FR1band. In case of multiple UL carriers in the same TAG, UE expects thatthe same value of n-TimingAdvanceOffset is provided for all the ULcarriers according to clause 4.2 in TS 38.213 [3] the value 39936 ofN_(TAoffset) can also be provided for a FDD serving cell. Note 2: VoidT_(C) = 0.509 ns

indicates data missing or illegible when filed

2. Positioning

Positioning may be a process of determining the geographical locationand/or speed of a UE based on the measurement of a radio signal. Aclient (e.g., application) related to the UE may request locationinformation, and the location information may be reported to the client.The location information may be included in a core network or requestedby the client connected to the core network. The location informationmay be reported in a standard format such as cell-based or geographicalcoordinates. Herein, an estimation error of the location and speed ofthe UE and/or a positioning method used for the positioning may also bereported.

2.1. Positioning Protocol Configuration

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary positioning protocolconfiguration for UE positioning, to which various examples of thepresent disclosure are applicable.

Referring to FIG. 10, an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) may be used as apoint-to-point protocol between a location server (E-SMLC and/or SLPand/or LMF) and a target device (UE and/or SET) in order to position atarget device based on positioning-related measurements obtained fromone or more reference sources. The target device and the location servermay exchange measurements and/or location information based on signal Aand/or signal B through the LPP.

NR positioning protocol A (NRPPa) may be used for exchanging informationbetween a reference source (access node and/or BS and/or TP and/orNG-RAN node) and a location server.

NRPPa may provide the following functions:

-   -   E-CID Location Information Transfer. This function allows        exchange of location information between a reference source and        an LMF, for the purpose of E-CID positioning.    -   OTDOA Information Transfer. This function allows exchange of        information between the reference source and the LMF for the        purpose of OTDOA positioning.    -   Reporting of General Error Situations. This function allows        reporting of general error situations, for which function        specific error messages have not been defined.

2.2. PRS in LTE System

For such positioning, a positioning reference signal (PRS) may be used.The PRS is a reference signal used to estimate the position of the UE.

For example, in the LTE system, the PRS may be transmitted only in a DLsubframe configured for PRS transmission (hereinafter, “positioningsubframe”). If both a multimedia broadcast single frequency network(MBSFN) subframe and a non-MBSFN subframe are configured as positioningsubframes, OFDM symbols of the MBSFN subframe should have the samecyclic prefix (CP) as subframe #0. If only MBSFN subframes areconfigured as the positioning subframes within a cell, OFDM symbolsconfigured for the PRS in the MBSFN subframes may have an extended CP.

The sequence of the PRS may be defined by Equation 1 below.

$\begin{matrix}{{{{r_{l,n_{s}}(m)} = {{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}( {1 - {2 \cdot {c( {2m} )}}} )} + {j\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}( {1 - {2 \cdot {c( {{2m} + 1} )}}} )}}},{m = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},{{2N_{RB}^{\max,{DL}}} - 1}}\mspace{160mu}} & \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{20mu} 1} \rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 1, ns denotes a slot number in a radio frame and 1 denotesan OFDM symbol number in a slot. N_(RB) ^(max,DL) is the largest of DLbandwidth configurations, expressed as N_(SC) ^(RB). N_(SC) ^(RB)denotes the size of an RB in the frequency domain, for example, 12subcarriers.

c(i) denotes a pseudo-random sequence and may be initialized by Equation2 below.

c _(init)=2²⁸ ·└N _(ID) ^(PRS)/512┘+2¹⁰·(7·(n _(s)+1)+l+1 )·(2·(N _(ID)^(PRS)mod512)+1)+2·(N _(ID) ^(PRS)mod512)+N _(CP)   [Equation 2]

Unless additionally configured by higher layers, N_(ID) ^(PRS) is equalto N_(ID) ^(cell), and N_(CP) is 1 for a normal CP and 0 for an extendedCP.

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary pattern to which a PRS is mapped in asubframe.

As illustrated in FIG. 11, the PRS may be transmitted through an antennaport 6. FIG. 11(a) illustrates mapping of the PRS in the normal CP andFIG. 11(b) illustrates mapping of the PRS in the extended CP.

The PRS may be transmitted in consecutive subframes grouped for positionestimation. The subframes grouped for position estimation are referredto as a positioning occasion. The positioning occasion may consist of 1,2, 4 or 6 subframe. The positioning occasion may occur periodically witha periodicity of 160, 320, 640 or 1280 subframes. A cell-specificsubframe offset value may be defined to indicate the starting subframeof PRS transmission. The offset value and the periodicity of thepositioning occasion for PRS transmission may be derived from a PRSconfiguration index as listed in Table 10 below.

TABLE 10 PRS configuration PRS periodicity PRS subframe offset Index(I_(PRS)) (subframes) (subframes)  0-159 160 I_(PRS) 160-479 320I_(PRS)-160   480-1119 640 I_(PRS)-480  1120-2399 1280 I_(PRS)-11202400-2404 5 I_(PRS)-2400 2405-2414 10 I_(PRS)-2405 2415-2434 20I_(PRS)-2415 2435-2474 40 I_(PRS)-2435 2475-2554 80 I_(PRS)-24752555-4095 Reserved

A PRS included in each positioning occasion is transmitted with constantpower. A PRS in a certain positioning occasion may be transmitted withzero power, which is referred to as PRS muting. For example, when a PRStransmitted by a serving cell is muted, the UE may easily detect a PRSof a neighbor cell.

The PRS muting configuration of a cell may be defined by a periodicmuting sequence consisting of 2, 4, 8 or 16 positioning occasions. Thatis, the periodic muting sequence may include 2, 4, 8, or 16 bitsaccording to a positioning occasion corresponding to the PRS mutingconfiguration and each bit may have a value “0” or “1”. For example, PRSmuting may be performed in a positioning occasion with a bit value of“0”.

The positioning subframe is designed as a low-interference subframe sothat no data is transmitted in the positioning subframe. Therefore, thePRS is not subjected to interference due to data transmission althoughthe PRS may interfere with PRSs of other cells.

2.3. UE Positioning Architecture in NR System

FIG. 12 illustrates architecture of a 5G system applicable topositioning of a UE connected to an NG-RAN or an E-UTRAN.

Referring to FIG. 12, an AMF may receive a request for a locationservice associated with a particular target UE from another entity suchas a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) or the AMF itself decides toinitiate the location service on behalf of the particular target UE.Then, the AMF transmits a request for a location service to a locationmanagement function (LMF). Upon receiving the request for the locationservice, the LMF may process the request for the location service andthen returns the processing result including the estimated position ofthe UE to the AMF. In the case of a location service requested by anentity such as the GMLC other than the AMF, the AMF may transmit theprocessing result received from the LMF to this entity.

A new generation evolved-NB (ng-eNB) and a gNB are network elements ofthe NG-RAN capable of providing a measurement result for positioning.The ng-eNB and the gNB may measure radio signals for a target UE andtransmits a measurement result value to the LMF. The ng-eNB may controlseveral TPs, such as remote radio heads, or PRS-only TPs for support ofa PRS-based beacon system for E-UTRA.

The LMF is connected to an enhanced serving mobile location center(E-SMLC) which may enable the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example,the E-SMLC may enable the LMF to support OTDOA, which is one ofpositioning methods of the E-UTRAN, using DL measurement obtained by atarget UE through signals transmitted by eNBs and/or PRS-only TPs in theE-UTRAN.

The LMF may be connected to an SUPL location platform (SLP). The LMF maysupport and manage different location services for target UEs. The LMFmay interact with a serving ng-eNB or a serving gNB for a target UE inorder to obtain position measurement for the UE. For positioning of thetarget UE, the LMF may determine positioning methods, based on alocation service (LCS) client type, required quality of service (QoS),UE positioning capabilities, gNB positioning capabilities, and ng-eNBpositioning capabilities, and then apply these positioning methods tothe serving gNB and/or serving ng-eNB. The LMF may determine additionalinformation such as accuracy of the location estimate and velocity ofthe target UE. The SLP is a secure user plane location (SUPL) entityresponsible for positioning over a user plane.

The UE may measure the position thereof using DL RSs transmitted by theNG-RAN and the E-UTRAN. The DL RSs transmitted by the NG-RAN and theE-UTRAN to the UE may include a SS/PBCH block, a CSI-RS, and/or a PRS.Which DL RS is used to measure the position of the UE may conform toconfiguration of LMF/E-SMLC/ng-eNB/E-UTRAN etc. The position of the UEmay be measured by an RAT-independent scheme using different globalnavigation satellite systems (GNSSs), terrestrial beacon systems (TBSs),WLAN access points, Bluetooth beacons, and sensors (e.g., barometricsensors) installed in the UE. The UE may also contain LCS applicationsor access an LCS application through communication with a networkaccessed thereby or through another application contained therein. TheLCS application may include measurement and calculation functions neededto determine the position of the UE. For example, the UE may contain anindependent positioning function such as a global positioning system(GPS) and report the position thereof, independent of NG-RANtransmission. Such independently obtained positioning information may beused as assistance information of positioning information obtained fromthe network.

2.4. Operation for UE Positioning

FIG. 13 illustrates an implementation example of a network for UEpositioning.

When an AMF receives a request for a location service in the case inwhich the UE is in connection management (CM)-IDLE state, the AMF maymake a request for a network triggered service in order to establish asignaling connection with the UE and to assign a specific serving gNB orng-eNB. This operation procedure is omitted in FIG. 9. In other words,in FIG. 9 it may be assumed that the UE is in a connected mode. However,the signaling connection may be released by an NG-RAN as a result ofsignaling and data inactivity while a positioning procedure is stillongoing.

An operation procedure of the network for UE positioning will now bedescribed in detail with reference to FIG. 13. In step 1 a, a 5GC entitysuch as GMLC may transmit a request for a location service for measuringthe position of a target UE to a serving AMF. Here, even when the GMLCdoes not make the request for the location service, the serving AMF maydetermine the need for the location service for measuring the positionof the target UE according to step 1 b. For example, the serving AMF maydetermine that itself will perform the location service in order tomeasure the position of the UE for an emergency call.

In step 2, the AMF transfers the request for the location service to anLMF. In step 3 a, the LMF may initiate location procedures with aserving ng-eNB or a serving gNB to obtain location measurement data orlocation measurement assistance data. For example, the LMF may transmita request for location related information associated with one or moreUEs to the NG-RAN and indicate the type of necessary locationinformation and associated QoS. Then, the NG-RAN may transfer thelocation related information to the LMF in response to the request. Inthis case, when a location determination method according to the requestis an enhanced cell ID (E-CID) scheme, the NG-RAN may transferadditional location related information to the LMF in one or more NRpositioning protocol A (NRPPa) messages. Here, the “location relatedinformation” may mean all values used for location calculation such asactual location estimate information and radio measurement or locationmeasurement. Protocol used in step 3 a may be an NRPPa protocol whichwill be described later.

Additionally, in step 3 b, the LMF may initiate a location procedure forDL positioning together with the UE. For example, the LMF may transmitthe location assistance data to the UE or obtain a location estimate orlocation measurement value. For example, in step 3 b, a capabilityinformation transfer procedure may be performed. Specifically, the LMFmay transmit a request for capability information to the UE and the UEmay transmit the capability information to the LMF. Here, the capabilityinformation may include information about a positioning methodsupportable by the LFM or the UE, information about various aspects of aparticular positioning method, such as various types of assistance datafor an A-GNSS, and information about common features not specific to anyone positioning method, such as ability to handle multiple LPPtransactions. In some cases, the UE may provide the capabilityinformation to the LMF although the LMF does not transmit a request forthe capability information.

As another example, in step 3 b, a location assistance data transferprocedure may be performed. Specifically, the UE may transmit a requestfor the location assistance data to the LMF and indicate particularlocation assistance data needed to the LMF. Then, the LMF may transfercorresponding location assistance data to the UE and transfer additionalassistance data to the UE in one or more additional LTE positioningprotocol (LPP) messages. The location assistance data delivered from theLMF to the UE may be transmitted in a unicast manner. In some cases, theLMF may transfer the location assistance data and/or the additionalassistance data to the UE without receiving a request for the assistancedata from the UE.

As another example, in step 3 b, a location information transferprocedure may be performed. Specifically, the LMF may send a request forthe location (related) information associated with the UE to the UE andindicate the type of necessary location information and associated QoS.In response to the request, the UE may transfer the location relatedinformation to the LMF. Additionally, the UE may transfer additionallocation related information to the LMF in one or more LPP messages.Here, the “location related information” may mean all values used forlocation calculation such as actual location estimate information andradio measurement or location measurement. Typically, the locationrelated information may be a reference signal time difference (RSTD)value measured by the UE based on DL RSs transmitted to the UE by aplurality of NG-RANs and/or E-UTRANs. Similarly to the abovedescription, the UE may transfer the location related information to theLMF without receiving a request from the LMF.

The procedures implemented in step 3 b may be performed independentlybut may be performed consecutively. Generally, although step 3 b isperformed in order of the capability information transfer procedure, thelocation assistance data transfer procedure, and the locationinformation transfer procedure, step 3 b is not limited to such order.In other words, step 3 b is not required to occur in specific order inorder to improve flexibility in positioning. For example, the UE mayrequest the location assistance data at any time in order to perform aprevious request for location measurement made by the LMF. The LMF mayalso request location information, such as a location measurement valueor a location estimate value, at any time, in the case in which locationinformation transmitted by the UE does not satisfy required QoS.Similarly, when the UE does not perform measurement for locationestimation, the UE may transmit the capability information to the LMF atany time.

In step 3 b, when information or requests exchanged between the LMF andthe UE are erroneous, an error message may be transmitted and receivedand an abort message for aborting positioning may be transmitted andreceived.

Protocol used in step 3 b may be an LPP protocol which will be describedlater.

Step 3 b may be performed additionally after step 3a but may beperformed instead of step 3 a.

In step 4, the LMF may provide a location service response to the AMF.The location service response may include information as to whether UEpositioning is successful and include a location estimate value of theUE. If the procedure of FIG. 9 has been initiated by step 1 a, the AMFmay transfer the location service response to a 5GC entity such as aGMLC. If the procedure of FIG. 9 has been initiated by step 1 b, the AMFmay use the location service response in order to provide a locationservice related to an emergency call.

2.5. Positioning Protocol 2.5.1. LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)

FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary protocol layer used to support LPPmessage transfer between an LMF and a UE. An LPP protocol data unit(PDU) may be carried in a NAS PDU between an AMF and the UE.

Referring to FIG. 14, LPP is terminated between a target device (e.g., aUE in a control plane or an SUPL enabled terminal (SET) in a user plane)and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane or an SLP inthe user plane). LPP messages may be carried as transparent PDUs crossintermediate network interfaces using appropriate protocols, such anNGAP over an NG-C interface and NAS/RRC over LTE-Uu and NR-Uuinterfaces. LPP is intended to enable positioning for NR and LTE usingvarious positioning methods.

For example, a target device and a location server may exchange, throughLPP, capability information therebetween, assistance data forpositioning, and/or location information. The target device and thelocation server may exchange error information and/or indicate abort ofan LPP procedure, through an LPP message.

2.5.2. NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa)

FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary protocol layer used to support NRPPaPDU transfer between an LMF and an NG-RAN node.

NRPPa may be used to carry information between an NG-RAN node and anLMF. Specifically, NRPPa may carry an E-CID for measurement transferredfrom an ng-eNB to an LMF, data for support of an OTDOA positioningmethod, and a cell-ID and a cell position ID for support of an NR cellID positioning method. An AMF may route NRPPa PDUs based on a routing IDof an involved LMF over an NG-C interface without information aboutrelated NRPPa transaction.

An NRPPa procedure for location and data collection may be divided intotwo types. The first type is a UE associated procedure for transfer ofinformation about a particular UE (e.g., location measurementinformation) and the second type is a non-UE-associated procedure fortransfer of information applicable to an NG-RAN node and associated TPs(e.g., gNB/ng-eNB/TP timing information). The two types may be supportedindependently or may be supported simultaneously.

2.6. Positioning Measurement Method

Positioning methods supported in the NG-RAN may include a GNSS, anOTDOA, an E-CID, barometric sensor positioning, WLAN positioning,Bluetooth positioning, a TBS, uplink time difference of arrival (UTDOA)etc. Although any one of the positioning methods may be used for UEpositioning, two or more positioning methods may be used for UEpositioning.

2.6.1. OTDOA (Observed Time Difference of Arrival)

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an observed time difference of arrival(OTDOA) positioning method, to which various examples are applicable;

The OTDOA positioning method uses time measured for DL signals receivedfrom multiple TPs including an eNB, an ng-eNB, and a PRS-only TP by theUE. The UE measures time of received DL signals using locationassistance data received from a location server. The position of the UEmay be determined based on such a measurement result and geographicalcoordinates of neighboring TPs.

The UE connected to the gNB may request measurement gaps to performOTDOA measurement from a TP. If the UE is not aware of an SFN of atleast one TP in OTDOA assistance data, the UE may use autonomous gaps toobtain an SFN of an OTDOA reference cell prior to requesting measurementgaps for performing reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurement.

Here, the RSTD may be defined as the smallest relative time differencebetween two subframe boundaries received from a reference cell and ameasurement cell. That is, the RSTD may be calculated as the relativetime difference between the start time of a subframe received from themeasurement cell and the start time of a subframe from the referencecell that is closest to the subframe received from the measurement cell.The reference cell may be selected by the UE.

For accurate OTDOA measurement, it is necessary to measure time ofarrival (ToA) of signals received from geographically distributed threeor more TPs or BSs. For example, ToA for each of TP 1, TP 2, and TP 3may be measured, and RSTD for TP 1 and TP 2, RSTD for TP 2 and TP 3, andRSTD for TP 3 and TP 1 are calculated based on three ToA values. Ageometric hyperbola is determined based on the calculated RSTD valuesand a point at which curves of the hyperbola cross may be estimated asthe position of the UE. In this case, accuracy and/or uncertainty foreach ToA measurement may occur and the estimated position of the UE maybe known as a specific range according to measurement uncertainty.

For example, RSTD for two TPs may be calculated based on Equation 3below.

$\begin{matrix}{{RSTDi},{1 = {\frac{\sqrt{( {x_{t} - x_{i}} )^{2} + ( {y_{t} - y_{i}} )^{2}}}{c} - \frac{\sqrt{( {x_{t} - x_{1}} )^{2} + ( {y_{t} - y_{1}} )^{2}}}{c} + ( {T_{i} - T_{1}} ) + ( {n_{i} - n_{1}} )}}} & \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{20mu} 3} \rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 3, c is the speed of light, {x_(t), y_(t)} are (unknown)coordinates of a target UE, {x_(i), y_(i)} are (known) coordinates of aTP, and {x₁, y₁} are coordinates of a reference TP (or another TP).Here, (T₁-T₁) is a transmission time offset between two TPs, referred toas “real time differences” (RTDs), and n_(i) and n₁ are UE ToAmeasurement error values.

2.6.2. E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

In a cell ID (CID) positioning method, the position of the UE may bemeasured based on geographical information of a serving ng-eNB, aserving gNB, and/or a serving cell of the UE. For example, thegeographical information of the serving ng-eNB, the serving gNB, and/orthe serving cell may be acquired by paging, registration, etc.

The E-CID positioning method may use additional UE measurement and/orNG-RAN radio resources in order to improve UE location estimation inaddition to the CID positioning method. Although the E-CID positioningmethod partially may utilize the same measurement methods as ameasurement control system on an RRC protocol, additional measurementonly for UE location measurement is not generally performed. In otherwords, an additional measurement configuration or measurement controlmessage may not be provided for UE location measurement. The UE does notexpect that an additional measurement operation only for locationmeasurement will be requested and the UE may report a measurement valueobtained by generally measurable methods.

For example, the serving gNB may implement the E-CID positioning methodusing an E-UTRA measurement value provided by the UE.

Measurement elements usable for E-CID positioning may be, for example,as follows.

-   -   UE measurement: E-UTRA reference signal received power (RSRP),        E-UTRA reference signal received quality (RSRQ), UE E-UTRA        reception (Rx)-transmission (Tx) time difference, GERAN/WLAN        reference signal strength indication (RSSI), UTRAN common pilot        channel (CPICH) received signal code power (RSCP), and/or UTRAN        CPICH Ec/Io    -   E-UTRAN measurement: ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference, timing        advance (T_(ADV)), and/or AoA

Here, T_(ADV) may be divided into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

T_(ADV) Type 1=(ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference)+(UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx timedifference)

T_(ADV) Type 2=ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference

AoA may be used to measure the direction of the UE. AoA is defined asthe estimated angle of the UE counterclockwise from the eNB/TP. In thiscase, a geographical reference direction may be north. The eNB/TP mayuse a UL signal such as an SRS and/or a DMRS for AoA measurement. Theaccuracy of measurement of AoA increases as the arrangement of anantenna array increases. When antenna arrays are arranged at the sameinterval, signals received at adjacent antenna elements may haveconstant phase rotate.

2.6.3. UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

UTDOA is to determine the position of the UE by estimating the arrivaltime of an SRS. When an estimated SRS arrival time is calculated, aserving cell is used as a reference cell and the position of the UE maybe estimated by the arrival time difference with another cell (or aneNB/TP). To implement UTDOA, an E-SMLC may indicate the serving cell ofa target UE in order to indicate SRS transmission to the target UE. TheE-SMLC may provide configurations such as periodic/non-periodic SRS,bandwidth, and frequency/group/sequence hopping.

2.6.4. Multi RTT (Multi-Cell RTT)

Compared to OTDOA positioning requiring fine synchronization (e.g., atthe nano-second level) between TPs in the network, RTT positioningrequires only coarse timing TRP (e.g., BS) synchronization although itis based on TOA measurements like OTDOA positioning.

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary multi-RTT positioningmethod to which various examples of the present disclosure areapplicable.

Referring to FIG. 17(a), an RTT process is illustrated, in which aninitiating device and a responding device perform TOA measurement, andthe responding device provides a TOA measurement to the initiatingdevice, for RTT measurement (calculation). For example, the initiatingdevice may be a TRP and/or a UE, and the responding device may be a UEand/or a TRP.

In operation 1701 according to an exemplary example, the initiatingdevice may transmit an RTT measurement request, and the respondingdevice may receive the RTT measurement request.

In operation 1703 according to an exemplary example, the initiatingdevice may transmit an RTT measurement signal at time t₀, and theresponding device may obtain TOA measurement t₁.

In operation 1705 according to an exemplary example, the respondingdevice may transmit an RTT measurement signal at time t₂, and theinitiating device may obtain TOA measurement t₃.

In operation 1707 according to an exemplary example, the respondingdevice may transmit information about [t₂−t₁], and the initiating devicemay receive the corresponding information and calculate an RTT based onEquation 4 below. The corresponding information may be transmitted andreceived by a separate signal or in the RTT measurement signal ofoperation 1705.

RTT==t ₃ −t ₀ −[t ₂ −t ₁]  [Equation 4]

Referring to FIG. 17(b), an RTT may correspond to a double-rangemeasurement between two devices. Positioning estimation may be performedfrom the corresponding information, and multilateration may be used forthe positioning estimation. d₁, d₂, and d₃ may be determined based onthe measured RTT, and the location of a target device may be determinedto be the intersection of the circumferences of circles with radiuses ofd₁, d₂, and d₃, in which BS₁, BS₂, and BS₃ (or TRPs) are centeredrespectively.

3. VARIOUS EXAMPLES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

Various examples of the present disclosure will be described below indetail based on the above-described technical idea. Clause 1 and clause2 may be applied to the various examples of the present disclosure. Forexample, operations, functions, and terms which are not defined in thevarious examples of the present disclosure may be performed anddescribed based on clause 1 and clause 2.

Symbol/abbreviations/terms used in the following description of variousexamples of the present disclosure are described below.

-   -   AOA (AoA): angle of arrival    -   CSI-RS: channel state information reference signal    -   ECID: enhanced cell identifier    -   GPS: global positioning system    -   GNSS: global navigation satellite system    -   LMF: location management function    -   NRPPa: NR positioning protocol a    -   OTDOA (OTDoA): observed time difference of arrival    -   PRS: positioning reference signal    -   RAT: radio access technology    -   RS: reference signal    -   RTT: round trip time    -   RSRP: reference signal reception power    -   RSTD: reference signal time difference/relative signal time        difference    -   SRS: sounding reference signal    -   SS: synchronization signal    -   SSB: synchronization signal block    -   SS/PBCH: synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel    -   TDOA (TDoA): timing difference of arrival    -   TOA (ToA): time of arrival    -   TRP: transmission reception point (TP: transmission point)    -   UTDOA (UTDoA): uplink time difference of arrival

3.1. Configuring RE Pattern of SRS Used for Positioning

A Comb-N RE pattern of a DL PRS resource for UE positioning may besupported to map a DL PRS sequence to an RE. The Comb-N pattern may beshifted across symbols within the DL PRS resource.

According to the present disclosure, a UL RS (e.g., SRS) resource may beconfigured/indicated for UE positioning, like a DL PRS. Hereinafter, theSRS will be described as an example in the present disclosure, but theSRS of the present disclosure may be replaced with a UL RS used forpositioning. First, SRS configuration information related to the SRSresource will be described. As SRS configuration information, SRS-ConfigIE may be used for SRS transmission configuration. The SRS configurationdefines a list of SRS resources and a list of SRS resource sets. EachSRS resource set, which includes at least one SRS resource, defines aset of SRS resources. The network may trigger transmission of a set ofSRS resources using the configured aperiodicSRS-ResourceTrigger. Table11 below shows information that may be included in the SRS-Config IE.

TABLE 11 SRS-Config ::=      SEQUENCE {  srs-ResourceSetToReleaseList   SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-ResourceSets)) OF SRS-ResourceSetIdOPTIONAL, -- Need N  srs-ResourceSetToAddModList    SEQUENCE(SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-ResourceSets)) OF SRS-ResourceSet OPTIONAL, -- NeedN  srs-ResourceToReleaseList    SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-Resources))OF SRS-ResourceId OPTIONAL, -- Need N  srs-ResourceToAddModList   SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-Resources)) OF SRS-Resource OPTIONAL, --Need N  tpc-Accumulation      ENUMERATED {disabled}            OPTIONAL, -- Need S  ...,  [[  srs-RequestForDCI-Format1-2-r16   INTEGER(1..2)               OPTIONAL, -- Need S srs-RequestForDCI-Format0-2-r16   INTEGER (1..2)              OPTIONAL, -- Need S  srs-ResourceSetToAddModListForDCI-Format0-2-r16SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-ResourceSets)) OF SRS-ResourceSet OPTIONAL,--Need N  srs-ResourceSetToReleaseListForDCI-Format0-2-r16 SEQUENCE(SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-ResourceSets)) OF SRS-ResourceSetId OPTIONAL,-- NeedN  srs-PosResourceSetToReleaseList-r16  SEQUENCE(SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-PosResourceSets-r16)) OF SRS-PosResourceSetId-r16                           OPTIONAL, -- Need N srs-PosResourceSetToAddModList-r16  SEQUENCE(SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-PosResourceSets-r16)) OF SRS-PosResourceSet-r16OPTIONAL,-- Need N  srs-PosResourceToReleaseList-r16  SEQUENCE(SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-PosResources-r16)) OF SRS-PosResourceId-r16OPTIONAL,-- Need N  srs-PosResourceToAddModList-r16  SEQUENCE(SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-PosResources-r16)) OF SRS-PosResource-r16 OPTIONAL--Need N  ]] } SRS-ResourceSet ::=      SEQUENCE {srs-ResourceSetId        SRS-ResourceSetId,srs-ResourceIdList       SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-ResourcesPerSet))OF SRS-ResourceId OPTIONAL, -- Cond Setup  resourceType        CHOICE {  aperiodic        SEQUENCE {    aperiodicSRS-ResourceTrigger    INTEGER(1..maxNrofSRS-TriggerStates-1),   csi-RS        NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId          OPTIONAL, -- CondNonCodebook    slotOffset       INTEGER (1..32)            OPTIONAL, --Need S    ...,    [[    aperiodicSRS-ResourceTriggerList  SEQUENCE(SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-TriggerStates-2))                OF INTEGER(1..maxNrofSRS-TriggerStates-1) OPTIONAL --Need M    ]]   },  semi-persistent       SEQUENCE {    associatedCSI-RS      NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId        OPTIONAL, -- Cond NonCodebook    ...   },  periodic         SEQUENCE {    associatedCSI-RS       NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId       OPTIONAL, -- Cond NonCodebook    ...   }  }, usage          ENUMERATED {beamManagement, codebook, nonCodebook,antennaSwitching},  alpha          Alpha               OPTIONAL, -- NeedS p0           INTEGER (-202..24)            OPTIONAL, -- Cond Setup pathlossReferenceRS      PathlossReferenceRS-Config          OPTIONAL,--Need M  srs-PowerControlAdjustmentStates   ENUMERATED { sameAsFci2,separateClosedLoop}    OPTIONAL, --Need S  ...,  [[ pathlossReferenceRS-List-r16    SEQUENCE(SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-PathlossReferenceRS-r16-1)) OF PathlossReferenceRS-Config                           OPTIONAL --Need M  ]] }PathlossReferenceRS-Config ::=   CHOICE {  ssb-Index          SSB-Index, csi-RS-Index         NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId } SRS-PosResourceSet-r16::=     SEQUENCE {  srs-PosResourceSetId-r16     SRS-PosResourceSetId-r16,  srs-PosResourceIdList-r16     SEQUENCE(SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-ResourcesPerSet)) OF SRS-PosResourceId-r16                           OPTIONAL, -- Cond Setup resourceType-r16        CHOICE {   aperiodic-r16        SEQUENCE {   aperiodicSRS-ResourceTriggerList-r16  SEQUENCE(SIZE(1..maxNrofSRS-TriggerStates-1))              OF INTEGER(1..maxNrofSRS-TriggerStates-1) OPTIONAL, --Need M   slotOffset-r16       INTEGER (1..32)         OPTIONAL, --Need S   ...   },   semi-persistent-r16     SEQUENCE {    ...   },  periodic-r16       SEQUENCE {    ...   }  },  alpha-r16        Alpha               OPTIONAL, --Need S  p0-r16         INTEGER(-202..24)           OPTIONAL, -- Cond Setup pathlossReferenceRS-Pos-r16    CHOICE {   ssb-Index-16        SSB-Index,  csi-RS-Index-r16         NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId, ssb-r16           SSB-InfoNcell-r16,  dl-PRS-r16         DL-PRS-Info-r16 }                          OPTIONAL, --Need M  ... }SRS-ResourceSetId ::=      INTEGER (0..maxNrofSRS-ResourceSets-1)SRS-PosResourceSetId-r16 ::=    INTEGER(0..maxNrofSRS-PosResourceSets-1-r16) SRS-Resource ::=       SEQUENCE { srs-ResourceId        SRS-ResourceId,  nrofSRS-Ports        ENUMERATED{port1, ports2, ports4},  ptrs-PortIndex        ENUMERATED {n0, n1}         OPTIONAL, -- Need R  transmissionComb       CHOICE {  n2           SEQUENCE{    combOffset-n2        INTEGER (0..1),   cyclicShift-n2       INTEGER (0..7)   },   n4           SEQUENCE {   combOffset-n4         INTEGER (0..3),    cyclicShift-n4        INTEGER (0..11)   }  },  resourceMapping         SEQUENCE { startPosition          INTEGER (0..5),  nrofSymbols          ENUMERATED {n1, n2, n4},  repetitionFactor         ENUMERATED {n1, n2,n4}  },  freqDomainPosition        INTEGER (0..67), freqDomainShift         INTEGER (0..268), freqHopping          SEQUENCE {   c-SRS            INTEGER (0..63),  b-SRS            INTEGER (0..3),   b-hop            INTEGER (0..3)  }, groupOrSequenceHopping        ENUMERATED { neither, groupHopping,sequenceHopping },  resourceType           CHOICE {  aperiodic           SEQUENCE {    ...   },  semi-persistent          SEQUENCE {    periodicityAndOffset-sp     SRS-PeriodicityAndOffset,    ...   },    periodic        SEQUENCE {   periodicityAndOffset-p      SRS-PeriodicityAndOffset,    ...   }  }, sequenceId        INTEGER (0..1023),  spatialRelationInfo     SRS-SpatialRelationInfo       OPTIONAL, --Need R  ...,  [[ resourceMapping-r16      SEQUENCE {   startPosition-r16      INTEGER(0..13),   nrofSymbols-r16       ENUMERATED {n1, n2, n4},  repetitionFactor-r16     ENUMERATED {n1, n2, n4} }                        OPTIONAL --Need R  ]] }SRS-PosResource-r16::=     SEQUENCE {  srs-PosResourceId-r16     SRS-PosResourceId-r16,  transmissionComb-r16      CHOICE {  n2-r16         SEQUENCE {    combOffset-n2-r16       INTEGER (0..1),   cyclicShift-n2-r16       INTEGER (0..7)   },  n4-r16         SEQUENCE {    combOffset-n4-16       INTEGER (0..3),   cyclicShift-n4-r16      INTEGER (0..11)   },  n8-r16         SEQUENCE {    combOffset-n8-r16       INTEGER (0..7),   cyclicShift-n8-r16      INTEGER (0..5)   },  ...  }, resourceMapping-r16       SEQUENCE {   startPosition-r16        INTEGER(0..13),   nrofSymbols-r16        ENUMERATED {n1, n2, n4, n8, n12}  }, freqDomainShift-r16       INTEGER (0..268), freqHopping-r16       SEQUENCE {   c-SRS-r16         INTEGER (0..63) },  groupOrSequenceHopping-r16     ENUMERATED { neither, groupHopping,sequenceHopping },  resourceType-r16       CHOICE {  aperiodic-r16        SEQUENCE {    ...   },  semi-persistent-r16       SEQUENCE {   periodicityAndOffset-sp-r16     SRS-PeriodicityAndOffset-r16,    ...  },   periodic-r16         SEQUENCE {   periodicityAndOffset-p-r16     SRS-PeriodicityAndOffset-r16,    ...  }  },  sequenceId-r16        INTEGER (0..65535), spatialRelationInfoPos-r16     SRS-SpatialRelationInfoPos-r16      OPTIONAL, -- Need R  ... } SRS-SpatialRelationInfo ::=  SEQUENCE { servingCellId      ServCellIndex OPTIONAL, -- Need S referenceSignal      CHOICE {   ssb-Index        SSB-Index,  csi-RS-Index       NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId,   srs           SEQUENCE {   resourceId         SRS-ResourceId,    uplinkBWP         BWP-Id   }  }} SRS-SpatialRelationInfoPos-r16 ::=    SEQUENCE { servingCellId-r16      ServCellIndex     OPTIONAL, --Need S referenceSignal-r16      CHOICE {   ssb-IndexServing-r16     SSB-Index,  csi-RS-IndexServing-r16     NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId,  srs-SpatialRelation-r16     SEQUENCE {   resourceSelection-r16     CHOICE {    srs-ResourceId-r16       SRS-ResourceId,    srs-PosResourceId-r16      SRS-PosResourceId-r16    },   uplinkBWP-r16         BWP-Id   },   ssbNcell-r16          SSB-InfoNcell-r16,   dl-PRS-r16           DL-PRS-Info-r16  } }SSB-Configuration-r16 ::=       SEQUENCE {  carrierFreq-r16         ARFCN-ValueNR,  halfFrameIndex-r16         ENUMERATED {zero, one}, ssbSubcarrierSpacing-r16        SubcarrierSpacing, ssb-periodicity-r16        ENUMERATED { ms5, ms10, ms20, ms40, ms80,ms160, spare2,spare1 } OPTIONAL, --Need S  smtc-r16          SSB-MTC                OPTIONAL, --Need S sfn-Offset-r16         INTEGER (0..maxNrofFFS-r16), sfn-SSB-Offset-r16         INTEGER (0..15), ss-PBCH-BlockPower-r16        INTEGER (-60..50)             OPTIONAL --Cond Pathloss } SSB-InfoNcell-r16 ::=      SEQUENCE { physicalCellId-r16        PhysCellId,  ssb-IndexNcell-r16       SSB-Index,  ssb-Configuration-r16      SSB-Configuration-r16              OPTIONAL --Need M } DL-PRS-Info-r16::=       SEQUENCE {  trp-Id-r16          INTEGER (0..255), dl-PRS-ResourceSetId-r16        INTEGER (0..7), dl-PRS-ResourceId-r16        INTEGER (0..63)              OPTIONAL --Cond Pathloss } SRS-ResourceId ::=          INTEGER(0..maxNrofSRS-Resources-1) SRS-PosResourceId-r16 ::=        INTEGER(0..maxNrofSRS-PosResources-1-r16) SRS-PeriodicityAndOffset ::=       CHOICE { sl1          NULL, sl2          INTEGER(0..1),sl4          INTEGER(0..3), sl5          INTEGER(0..4),sl8          INTEGER(0..7), sl10          INTEGER(0..9),sl16          INTEGER(0..15), sl20          INTEGER(0..19),sl32          INTEGER(0..31), sl40          INTEGER(0..39),sl64          INTEGER(0..63), sl80          INTEGER(0..79),sl160          INTEGER(0..159), sl320          INTEGER(0..319),sl640          INTEGER(0..639), sl1280          INTEGER(0..1279),sl2560          INTEGER(0..2559) } SRS-PeriodicityAndOffset-r16 ::=   CHOICE 1 sl1          NULL, sl2          INTEGER(0..1),sl4          INTEGER(0..3), sl5          INTEGER(0..4),sl8          INTEGER(0..7), sl10          INTEGER(0..9),sl16          INTEGER(0..15), sl20          INTEGER(0..19),sl32          INTEGER(0..31), sl40          INTEGER(0..39),sl64          INTEGER(0..63), sl80          INTEGER(0..79),sl160          INTEGER(0..159), sl320          INTEGER(0..319),sl640          INTEGER(0..639), sl1280          INTEGER(0..1279),sl2560          INTEGER(0..2559), sl5120          INTEGER(0..5119),sl10240          INTEGER(0..10239), sl40960          INTEGER(0..40959),sl81920          INTEGER(0..81919),  ... } -- TAG-SRS-CONFIG-STOP --ASN1STOP

Tables 12 to 15 below describe the information included in Table 11.

TABLE 12 SRS-Config field descriptions tpc-Accumulation If the field isabsent, UE applies TPC commands via accumulation. It disabled, UEapplies the TPC command without accumulation (this applies to SRS when aseparate closed loop is configured for SRS) (see TS 38.213 [13], clause7.3)

TABLE 13 SRS-Resource field descriptions cyclicShift-n2 Cyclic shiftconfiguration (see TS 38.214 [19], clause 6.2.1). cyclicShift-n4 Cyclicshift configuration (see TS 38.214 [19], clause 6.2.1), freqHoppingIncludes parameters capturing SRS frequency hopping (see TS 38.214 [19],clause 6.2.1). groupOrSequenceHopping Parameter(s) for configuring groupor sequence hopping (see TS 38.211 [16], clause 6.4.1.4.2).periodicityAndOffset-p Periodicity and slot offset for this SRSresource. All values in “number of slots” sl1 corresponds to aperiodicity of 1 slot, value sl2 corresponds to a periodicity of 2slots, and so on. For each periodicity the corresponding offset is givenin number of slots. For periodicity sl1 the offset is 0 slots (see TS38.214 [19], clause 6.2.1). periodicityAndOffset-sp Periodicity and slotoffset for this SRS resource. All values in “number of slots”. sl1corresponds to a periodicity of 1 slot, value sl2 corresponds to aperiodicity of 2 slots, and so on. For each periodicity thecorresponding offset is given in number of slots. For periodicity sllthe offset is 0 slots (see TS 38.214 [19], clause 6.2.1). ptrs-PortIndexThe PTRS port index for this SRS resource for non-codebook based ULMIMO. This is only applicable when the corresponding PIRS-UplinkConfigis set to CP-OFDM. The ptrs-PortIndex configured here must be smallerthan or equal to the maxNnrofPorts configured in the PTRS-UplinkConfig(see TS 38.214 [9] clause 6.2.3.1). resourceMapping OFDM symbol locationof the SRS resource within a slot including number of OFDM symbols (N =1, 2 or 4 per SRS resource), startPosition (SRSSymbolStartPosition = 0 .. . 5; “0” refers to the last symbol, refers to the second last symbol)and RepetitionFactor (r = 1, 2 or 4) (see TS 38.214 [19], clause 6.2.1and TS 38.211 [16], clause 6.4.1.4). The configured SRS resource doesnot exceed the slot boundary. resourceType Periodicity and offset forsemi-persistent and periodic SRS resource (see TS 38.214 [19], clause6.2.1). sequenceId Sequence ID used to initialize pseudo random groupand sequence hopping (see TS 38.214 [19], clause 6.2.1).spatialRelationInfo Configuration of the spatial relation between areference RS and the target SRS. Reference RS can be SSB/CSI-RS/SRS (seeTS 38.214 [19], clause 6.2.1). transmissionComb Comb value (2 or 4) andcomb offset (0 . . . combValue-1) (see TS 38.214 [19], clause 6.2.1).

SRS-ResourceSet field descriptions alpha alpha value for SRS powercontrol (see TS 38.213 [13], clause 7.3). When the field is absent theUE applies the value 1. aperiodicSRS-ResourceTriggerList An additionallist of DCI “code points” upon which the UE shall transmit SRS accordingto this SRS resource set configuration (see TS 38.214 [19], clause6.1.1.2). aperiodicSRS-ResourceTrigger The DCI “code point” upon whichthe UE shall transmit SRS according to this SRS resource setconfiguration (see TS 38.214 [19], clause 6.1.1.2). associatedCSI-RS IDof CSI-RS resource associated with this SRS resource set in non-codebookbased operation (see TS 38.214 [19], clause 6.1.1.2). csi-RS ID ofCSI-RS resource associated with this SRS resource set. (see TS 38.214[19], clause 6.1.1.2). p0 P0 value for SRS power control. The value isin dBm. Only even values (step size 2) are allowed (see TS 38.213 [13],clause 7.3). pathlossReferenceRS A reference signal (e.g. a CSI-RSconfig or a SS block) to be used for SRS path loss estimation (see TS38.213 [13], clause 7.3). resourceType Time domain behavior of SRSresource configuration. Corresponds to L1 parameter‘SRS-ResourceConfigType’ (see TS 38.214 [19], clause 6.2.1). The networkconfigures SRS resources in the same resource set with the same timedomain behavior on periodic; aperiodic and semi-persistent SRS.slotOffset An offset in number of slots between the triggering DCI andthe actual transmission of this SRS-ResourceSet. If the field is absentthe UE applies no offset (value 0). srs-PowerControlAdjustmentStatesIndicates whether hsrs, c(i) = fc(i, 1) or hsrs, c(i) = fc(i, 2) (if twoPUSCH-PC-AdjustmentStates are configured) or separate close loop isconfigured for SRS. This parameter is applicable only for UIs on whichUE also transmits PUSCH. If absent or release, the UE applies the valuesameAs-Fci1 (see TS 38.213 [13], clause 7.3). srs-ResourceIdList The IDsof the SRS-Resources used in this SRS-ResourceSet. If thisSRS-ResourceSet is configured with usage set to codebook, thesrs-ResourceldList contains at most 2 entries. If this SRS-ResourceSetis configured with usage set to rionCodebook, the srs-ResourceIdListcontains at most 4 entries. srs-ResourceSetId The ID of this resourceset. It is unique in the context of the BWP in which the parentSRS-Config is defined. usage Indicates if the SRS resource set is usedfor beam management, codebook based or non-codebook based transmissionor antenna switching. See TS 38.214 [19], clause 6.2.1.

TABLE 15 Conditional Presence Explanation Setup This field is mandatorypresent upon configuration of SRS-ResouroeSet or SRS-Resource anoptional (Need M) otherwise. NonCodebook This field is optionallypresent, Need M, in case of non-codebook based transmission, otherwisethe field is absent.

An SRS resource for UE positioning may be configured/indicated to havefeatures of cross-correlation and/or side-lobes, that is, to have astaggered RE pattern in which the side-peak is small. In the staggeredRE pattern, respective symbols of the SRS resource may be configured ina Comb-N type frequency RE pattern. In the present disclosure, Comb-N orN-comb is a comb-shaped frequency RE pattern or form, where N in Comb-Ndenotes a comb-size, and may be set to a value by RRC signaling. Forexample, N may be greater than or equal to 1 and be set to any one of 2,4, and 8, but is not limited thereto. In the Comb-N form having a sizeN, an SRS resource RE may be configured/indicated or allocated per REfor every N frequency REs in one symbol. Also, in the presentdisclosure, a comb-offset represents a frequency RE offset value in aspecific SRS symbol, and may be 0 to N-1. The comb-offset may be used todetermine a start position in the frequency domain of at least one RE(e.g., SRS RE) configured in the Comb-N form.

In brief, the Comb-N form may be a pattern in which REs are allocated atintervals of N from the RE having the lowest frequency index, that is,the start position of the REs in the frequency domain, based on onesymbol.

Also, in the present disclosure, the comb-type may represent varioustypes that a set of SRS symbols having different comb-offsets may have.

In an SRS resource, different SRS symbols having a Comb-N form may havedifferent comb-offsets, that is, frequency RE offsets. Accordingly, fora plurality of SRS symbols, the SRS may be mapped to a larger number ofsubcarriers than the number of subcarriers to which the SRS is mapped ina specific symbol. For example, in the case of Comb-2, differentcomb-offsets are set for two symbols, and accordingly only 6 subcarriersare used for SRS mapping in a symbol. However, considering both symbols,a staggered RE pattern using all 12 subcarriers is formed.

As described above, in the case of SRS resource(s) and/or SRS resourceset(s) configured for UE positioning, a single SRS resource occupying aplurality of symbols may be configured in a Comb-N type frequency REpattern in a specific symbol, and may be configured in a staggeredfrequency RE pattern having different comb-offsets over several symbols.In this case, the following various examples may be considered toreduction signaling overhead for backward compatibility and SRS resourceconfiguration.

EXAMPLE 1 IN SECTION 3.1>

According to Example 1 of the present disclosure, the UE may use acomb-offset (i.e., a frequency RE offset) set/indicated for each SRSresource as a reference offset (e.g., a comb-offset for the first symbolof the configured SRS resource), and a relative comb-offset for a Comb-Ntype frequency RE pattern configured in another symbol may be setfor/indicated to the UE. Here, the comb-offset used as the referenceoffset may be a single comb-offset for which only one value isset/indicated. For the relative comb-offset, one or more values may beset/indicated.

For example, when an SRS resource to which four OFDM symbols areallocated is configured/indicated in a Comb-4 form, the comb-offset ofthe SRS resource may be indicated/set as 0 for the UE, and a relativecomb-offset and/or a relative frequency RE offset may be indicated/setas 1 for a Comb-4 type frequency RE pattern configured in anothersymbol. Based on the set/indicated single comb-offset and relativecomb-offset, the UE may recognize the comb-offset of the first symboloccupied by the SRS resource as 0 and recognize the comb-offsets of thesecond, third and fourth symbols—as 1, 2, and 3 (or 3, 2, an d1),respectively. Additionally/alternatively, such setting/indication may beautomatically recognized.

alternatively, as another implementation of Example 1, based therelative comb-offset and the comb-offset value indicated by RRCsignaling (and/or set/indicated for the first symbol among the symbolsallocated to the SRS resource), the comb-offset value for each symbol,that is, the start position in the frequency domain of the SRS RE, maybe indirectly set/indicated/determined through the modulo operation. Forexample, when a frequency RE pattern of the SRS resource isconfigured/indicated as Comb-N, a comb-offset for each symbol may beset/indicated by Equation 5 below.

(CombOffset+RelativeOffset(i)) mod N   [Equation 5]

Here, CombOffset denotes the above-described comb-offset value,RelativeOffset denotes the above-described relative comb-offset value,and i is i∈{1,2, . . . }, which denotes the i-th symbol from the startsymbol of the configured SRS resource. That is, the relative comb-offsetmay differ among OFDM symbols. In other words, since the relativecomb-offset is set/indicated for Comb-N as described above, it may beconsidered to be obtained based on Comb-N and OFDM symbols.

CombOffset have a value set/indicated by the BS/location server. Asdescribed above, it is a comb-offset for a specific symbol of the SRS,that is, a frequency RE offset, or a comb-offset value set/indicated todetermine a comb-offset for each symbol. For example, CombOffset may bea comb-offset value (frequency RE offset value) for the first or lastOFDM symbol among M (>=1) OFDM symbol(s) to which a specific SRSresource is allocated. When CombOffset is the comb-offset value for thefirst symbol, the comb-offset of the first symbol may be determined tobe a separately set/indicated comb-offset value (and/or a comb-offsetvalue set/indicated together for SRS resource configuration).

The relative comb-offset, which is RelativeOffset(i), may beset/indicated or defined/considered as 0 when i=1. Accordingly, when therelative comb-offset is set/indicated as L, the UE may recognize thatthe relative comb-offset is indicated as L, 2L, 3L, and the like fromi=2 except for the case of i=1. Here, L may be a relative comb-offsetvalue for the second symbol. That is, in one implementation of thepresent disclosure, only the relative comb-offset value for the secondsymbol may be set/indicated to the UE, and the relative comb-offsetvalues for the remaining symbols may be indirectly set/indicated basedthereon.

In other words, the UE may be assigned one CombOffset and oneRelativeOffset set/indicated in Equation 5 by the BS/location server,and set/interpret the RelativeOffset to/as a different value accordingto the index of an SRS symbol based on a specific rule (e.g., the symbolorder located first in the time domain) according to the index of thevalue obtained by taking values equal to, twice, three times, and thelike the set/indicated value of RelativeOffset may be interpreted asrelative comb-offset values for the respective symbols in ascendingorder of positions thereof in the time domain).

Equation 5 may be embodied as Equation 6 below.

(CombOffset+RelativeOffset×(l _(index) −l _(start)))mod N=O _(Comb)(l_(index))   [Equation 6]

Here, O_(comb)(l_(index)) denotes a comb-offset (frequency RE offset)for a specific symbol index l_(index) among OFDM symbol(s) occupied by aspecific SRS resource, l_(start) is an index to the first OFDM symbolpositioned first in the time domain among the OFDM symbols occupied byan SRS resource for positioning in a slot in which the PRS resource,that is, the SRS resource, is configured, and may be set/indicated tothe UE by the BS/location server/LMF, and l_(index) denotes an index forthe remaining OFDM symbols except for the first OFDM symbol among theOFDM symbols occupied by the SRS resource for positioning in the slot inwhich the PRS resource, that is, the SRS resource is configured.

As described above, the UE may determine/recognize the comb-offset foreach symbol based on Equation 5 or 6 according to the set/indicatedcomb-offset value and relative comb-offset value.

For example, in the case of an SRS resource configured/indicated in theform of Comb-4 in 4 symbols, when the comb-offset for the first symbolis 3, and the relative comb-offset for the second symbol isset/indicated as 1, the UE may recognize that the relative comb-offsetsfor the third and fourth symbols are 2 and 3. Accordingly, thecomb-offsets for the respective symbols may be set/indicated for thefour symbols as follows.

-   -   Comb-offset for the first symbol: 3    -   Comb-offset for the second symbol: 3+1 mod 4=0    -   Comb-offset for the third symbol: 3+2 mod 4=1    -   Comb-offset for the fourth symbol: 3+3 mod 4=2

FIG. 18 illustrates SRS resource mapping of a Comb-4 type according toan example of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 26, in each symbol, REs may be mapped at intervals ofcomb size N (N=4) from the RE separated by the comb-offset value (3, 0,1, 2) for each symbol from the RE that is positioned first in thefrequency domain.

Alternatively, as another implementation of Example 1, a staggered REpattern may be made for an SRS resource using only a single comb-offset(frequency RE offset) rather than using a plurality of frequency REoffset values for a plurality of symbols. Accordingly, signalingoverhead may be reduced compared to the case where a comb-offset valueis indicated/set for each symbol.

More specifically, for an SRS resource occupying M (>=1) OFDM symbols,only a single comb-offset value may be set/indicated to the UE by theBS/location server/LMF. In this case, the comb-offset value(s) for OFDMsymbol(s) other than a specific OFDM symbol for which the comb-offset isset/indicated may be set/indicated based on a specific function.Specifically, when a comb-offset for the first OFDM symbol in the timedomain of a single SRS resource occupying M OFDM symbols isset/indicated, the comb-offsets for the remaining M-1 OFDM symbols maybe set/indicated based on a function defined by at least one of thefollowing parameters.

-   -   Comb-offset value (frequency RE offset value) set/indicated for        the SRS resource;    -   Comb size N set/indicated for the SRS resource;    -   Total number M of OFDM symbols occupied by the SRS resource;    -   Symbol indexes for OFDM symbols occupied by the SRS resource        based on a slot.

More specifically, the comb-offset for the frequency RE pattern of aspecific OFDM symbol (with index l_(index)) of the SRS resource may beset/indicated based on a function defined by at least one of thefollowing parameters.

-   -   Comb-offset value (frequency RE offset value) set/indicated for        the SRS resource;    -   Comb size N set/indicated for the SRS resource;    -   Total number M of OFDM symbols occupied by the SRS resource;    -   Index of the start OFDM symbol of the SRS resource (that is, the        OFDM symbol positioned first in the time domain among the OFDM        symbols to which the SRS resource is mapped).

Also, a function for determining the comb-offset value may beexemplarily defined by Equation 7 or Equation 8 below.

$\begin{matrix}{{( {{O_{COmb}( l_{sta\tau t} )} + \lfloor {( \frac{N}{M} ) \times ( {l_{index} - l_{sta\tau t}} )} \rfloor} ){mod}\ N} = {O_{Comb}( l_{index} )}} & \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{20mu} 7} \rbrack \\{{( {{O_{COmb}( l_{sta\tau t} )} + \lceil {( \frac{N}{M} ) \times ( {l_{index} - l_{sta\tau t}} )} \rceil} ){mod}\ N} = {O_{Comb}( l_{index} )}} & \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{20mu} 8} \rbrack\end{matrix}$

Here, mod denotes the modulo operation, and O_(comb)(l_(index)) denotesa comb-offset (frequency RE offset) for a specific symbol indexl_(index) among OFDM symbol(s) occupied by a specific SRS resource andmay be set/indicated to the UE by the BS/location server/LMF. l_(start)is an index to the first OFDM symbol positioned first in the time domainamong the OFDM symbols occupied by an SRS resource for positioning in aslot in which the PRS resource, that is, the SRS resource, isconfigured, and may be set/indicated to the UE by the BS/locationserver/LMF, and l_(index) denotes an index for the remaining OFDMsymbols except for the first OFDM symbol among the OFDM symbols occupiedby the SRS resource for positioning in the slot in which the PRSresource, that is, the SRS resource is configured. N denotes the combsize, M denotes the total number of OFDM symbols occupied by the PRSresource (e.g., SRS resource) in a slot, └A┘ denotes the maximum integernot greater than A, and ┌A┐ is the smallest integer not less than A.

Some modifications or applications of Example 1 in Section 3.1 may alsobe within the scope of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an SRS resource transmission methodof a BS/UE according to an example of the present disclosure. Theorder/steps in FIG. 19 may be changed, and each step may beindependently performed.

Referring to FIG. 19A, in S1201 a, the BS/location server may configureinformation about an SRS resource and/or an SRS resource set forpositioning of a UE for the UE. In S1203 a, the BS/location server mayset/indicate, to the UE, the comb size N, comb-offset, and relativecomb-offset for each SRS resource. In S1205 a, the BS/location servermay receive an SRS signal on the SRS resource and/or the SRS resourceset configured for positioning based on the configured/indicatedinformation.

Referring to FIG. 19B, in S1201 b, the UE may receive information aboutan SRS resource and/or an SRS resource set for positioning of the UEfrom the B S/location server. In S1203 b, the UE may receive a comb sizeN, a comb-offset, and a relative comb-offset set/indicated for each SRSresource from the BS/location server. In S1205 b, the UE may transmit anSRS signal on the SRS resource and/or the SRS resource set configuredfor the positioning, based on the configured/indicated information.

EXAMPLE 2 IN SECTION 3.1

According to Example 2 in Section 3.1 of the present disclosure, inorder to use the SRS of a dedicated/predefined staggered RE pattern forUE positioning, different staggered RE patterns/types may be predefinedor preconfigured according to the comb-types, and a specific one of thepredefined or preconfigured patterns/types may be configuredfor/indicated to the UE. For example, the specific one pattern/type maybe configured for/indicated to the UE based on the index.

Specifically, a rule for creating different types of staggered REpatterns of SRS resources to be used for UE positioning according to thecomb-N type and/or the number of SRS symbols may be defined/configuredfor the UE.

FIG. 20 illustrates a staggered RE pattern/type in a Comb-2 typeaccording to an example of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 20, for example, when Comb-2 type SRS symbols areconfigured in a frequency RE pattern, in order to indicate a comb-offsetfor each of two symbols while the comb-offset is set to 0 or 1, 1 bit isrequired for each symbol and 2 bits are required for the two symbols.Alternatively, the BS/location server may configure/indicate twodifferent staggered RE patterns/types for the two SRS symbols. In Type1, comb-offsets are set to 0 and 1 for two SRS symbols, respectively. InType 2, comb-offsets are set to 1 and 0 for the two SRS symbols, asopposed to Type 1, respectively. Accordingly, unlike indicating thecomb-offset for each of the two symbols, the comb-offset for the twosymbols may be set/indicated to the UE with 1-bit.

FIG. 21 illustrates a staggered RE pattern/type in a Comb-4 typeaccording to an example of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 21, for example, when Comb-4 type SRS symbols areconfigured in a frequency RE pattern, the comb-offset may be set to, forexample, 0, 1, 2, or 3, and accordingly, 2 bits are required for eachsymbol. That is, 8 bits are required for the 4 symbols. Accordingly RRCsignaling overhead may increase unnecessarily considering the need toconfigure a large number of UEs, and/or a plurality of SRS resourcesand/or resource sets, RRC signaling overhead may be excessivelyincreased. In the present disclosure, 4 types may be defined orconfigured for an SRS resource allocated to 4 symbols and mapped in aComb-4 pattern, and one of the 4 types may be configured for/indicatedto the UE. The UE may use the one configured/indicated type. Inparticular, the 4 types may be defined such that all resources areorthogonally used in terms of utilization of time-frequency resources.That is, as shown in FIG. 21, the 4 types may be defined such that atleast one SRS RE is mapped to each of the subcarriers (e.g., 12subcarriers) to which the SRS resource is mapped in each type. Thesetypes may be configured for/indicated to the UE as SRS resourcepatterns. For example, the BS may indicate/configure not only theinformation about Comb-N of a specific SRS resource and symbol numberinformation, but also type information about the SRS resource pattern tothe UE. Examples of comb-offsets for each Comb-4 type-based staggered REpattern/type (among the 4 staggered RE patterns/types) may be given asfollows.

-   -   Comb-offsets for respective symbols in type 1 (staggered RE        pattern #1): 0, 1, 2, 3;    -   Comb-offsets for respective symbols in type 2 (staggered RE        pattern #2): 1, 2, 3, 0;    -   Comb-offsets for respective symbols in type 3 (staggered RE        pattern #3): 2, 3, 0, 1;    -   Comb-offsets for respective symbols in type 4 (staggered RE        pattern #4): 3, 0, 1, 2.

Modifications/extensions of the above-described examples of the presentdisclosure may also be within the scope of the present disclosure. Forexample, the comb-offset for each symbol in each type may be defined orset to a value different from those disclosed in the above examples, andaccordingly, it should be considered that creating staggered RE patternsdifferent from those in the above examples is also within the scope ofthe present disclosure.

EXAMPLE 3 IN SECTION 3.1

According to Example 3 in Section 3.1 of the present disclosure, inorder to configure/indicate specific one or more patterns amongdifferent staggered RE patterns (from a set of Comb-N-based staggered REpatterns) to the UE, SRS resource configuration parameters (e.g., RRCparameters) may be extended/applied/reused. For example,parameters/signaling for comb-offset setting among SRS resourceconfiguration parameters may be extended/applied/reused.Additionally/alternatively, to allow the SRS resource configurationparameters to be applied/extended/reused, for example, to allow theparameter for the comb-offset setting to be used forconfiguring/indicating a staggered RE pattern, a set of staggered REpatterns may be defined or configured in connection with the SRSresource configuration parameters. For example, different orthogonalstaggered RE patterns may be defined or configured to allow differentUEs to use orthogonal time-frequency radio resources. In this case, thecomb-offset for a specific symbol in any one staggered RE pattern may bea value set/indicated by the BS, or may be operatively connectedthereto.

For example, when a plurality of staggered RE patterns composed of L(>=1) symbols is defined or configured, the staggered RE patterns may bedefined orthogonally in terms of time-frequency. Accordingly, thecomb-offset for a specific symbol may differ among the differentstaggered RE patterns. That is, if the staggered RE patterns aredifferent, the comb-offsets for the specific symbol may also bedifferent. Accordingly, the comb-offset for the Comb-N pattern of thefirst OFDM symbol of each staggered RE pattern may be used as arepresentative comb-offset for each staggered RE pattern. In otherwords, a single comb-offset set/indicated when the BS configures one SRSresource for the UE may be used as a representative comb-offset for thestaggered RE pattern. Accordingly, for SRS resource(s) configured forthe UE positioning (or SRS resource(s) included in the SRS resourceset(s) configured for UE positioning), the UE may use a comb-offsetvalue set/indicated by the BS to distinguish between multiple differentstaggered RE patterns. For example, the UE may recognize a comb-offsetvalue set/indicated for a specific SRS resource as a comb-offset valuefor the first OFDM symbol in each staggered RE pattern.

More specifically, when 4 staggered RE patterns (a set of staggered REpatterns) are defined/configured in an SRS resource consisting of 4Comb-4 type-based symbols, the UE may consider that the set/indicatedcomb-offset value is for Comb-4 configured in the first SRS symbol inany one staggered RE pattern, and may also recognize that an RE patternof a specific type has been configured/indicated based on the value.

For example, the following four types may be configured/indicated forthe UE.

-   -   Comb-offsets for respective symbols in type 1 (staggered RE        pattern #1): 0, 1, 2, 3;    -   Comb-offsets for respective symbols in type 2 (staggered RE        pattern #2): 1, 2, 3, 0;    -   Comb-offsets for respective symbols in type 3 (staggered RE        pattern #3): 2, 3, 0, 1;    -   Comb-offsets for respective symbols in type 4 (staggered RE        pattern #4): 3, 0, 1, 2.

In this case, when the comb-offset is set/indicated as 0 for the UE, theUE may recognize/determine that the RE pattern of the SRS resource, thatis, the Comb-4 pattern is configured to be of type 1 because the type inwhich the comb-offset of the first symbol is 0 among the four staggeredRE patterns is type 1. Alternatively, when the comb-offset isset/indicated as 2, the UE may recognize/determine that the Comb-4pattern is configured in a form such as type 3 in which the comb-offsetof the first symbol is 2.

Alternatively, in the present disclosure, for the SRS resource(s) for UEpositioning, which are different from SRS resource(s) used for purposesthan positioning, the comb-N type of the SRS resource and the number ofsymbols allocated to the SRS resource may be jointlyconfigured/indicated.

For example, the SRS resource in which the frequency RE pattern isconfigured based on the Comb-N form may be composed of N OFDM symbolscorresponding to the size of the comb, and may be configured/indicatedsuch that at least one SRS RE is mapped to each of the subcarriers(e.g., 12 subcarriers) to which the SRS resource is mapped. For example,when the frequency RE pattern of a specific SRS resource is in the formof Comb-2, two symbols may be consecutively configured/indicated suchthat at least one SRS RE is mapped to each of the subcarriers in the RB.That is, when only the comb size N and the starting position of thesymbol (SRS starting symbol index) are set/indicated, the UE mayrecognize implicitly that the staggered Comb-2 pattern is configured intwo consecutive symbols from the starting position of the symbol. Here,the staggered RE pattern may mean that different comb-offsets are set inthe first symbol and the second symbol as described above.

Some modifications or applications of Examples 2 and 3 in Section 3.1 ofthe present disclosure described above may also be within the scope ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an SRS resource transmission methodof a base station/UE according to an example of the present disclosure.The order of the steps in FIG. 22 may be changed, and each step may beindependently performed.

Referring to FIG. 22A, in S1301 a, the BS/location server may configureinformation about SRS resource(s) and/or SRS resource set(s) to be usedfor UE positioning. In S1303 a, the BS/location server may generatestaggered RE patterns based on the Comb-N type of the SRS resourceand/or the number of OFDM symbols allocated to the SRS resource andconfigure/indicate the same to the UE. In S1305 a, the BS/locationserver may receive an SRS signal on the SRS resource and/or the SRSresource set for positioning based on the configured/indicatedinformation.

Referring to FIG. 22B, in S1301 b, the UE may receive information aboutthe SRS resource(s) and/or SRS resource set(s) to be used for UEpositioning from the BS/location server. In S1303 b, the UE may receive,from the BS/location server, configuration/indication of staggered REpatterns generated based on the Comb-N type of the SRS resource and/orthe number of OFDM symbols allocated to the SRS resource. In S1305 b,the UE may transmit an SRS signal on the SRS resource and/or the SRSresource set for positioning based on the configured/indicatedinformation.

3.2. TX/RX Beam Configuration/determination for NR Positioning

The SRS may be used as an uplink RS for UTDOA-based UE positioning.Specifically, regarding UL SRS transmit power for positioning use,options 1 to 3 disclosed below may be considered.

-   -   Option 1: the UL SRS transmit power may be a constant (e.g.,        transmit power control may not be supported).    -   Option 2: the UL SRS transmit power may be determined based on        an existing power control scheme.    -   Option 3: the UL SRS transmit power may be determined based on a        modification of the existing power control scheme. For example,        it may be supported to configure the DL RS of a neighboring cell        used for measurement of SRS path loss.

Alternatively, the number of SRS symbols for positioning may beincreased compared to {1, 2, 4}.

Alternatively, when the positions of the SRS symbol for positioning perslot are from the last symbol to the N previous symbols in the timedomain within the slot, N may be greater than 6.

A specific SRS resource may be configured/indicated to the UE by the BSfor the purpose of UE positioning. As an example, the BS may configurethe resource for the UE through RRC signaling related to an SRS resourceset (e.g., signaling indicating a use-case of the SRS resource set). TheSRS resource used for UE positioning may have different characteristicsfrom SRS resources used for other purposes.

In addition, in order to use the UTDOA-based UE positioning technique,multiple TRPs, and/or BSs (gNB/eNB, etc.), and/or location measurementunit (LMUs) are required to receive the SRS transmitted by the UE.Accordingly, unlike SRS transmission performed by the UE to the servingcell/gNB/TRP thereof as a target, it is necessary to transmit the SRS toa target neighboring cell/gNB/TRP other than the serving cell/gNB/TRP.To this end, disclosed herein are various examples related to a methodfor configuring/indicating TX/RX beam sweeping and a deterministic TX/RXbeam for transmission/reception of RS (resource(s)) for positioning ofthe UE and BS/gNB/TRP.

EXAMPLE 1 IN SECTION 3.2>

DL RS (e.g., PRS) resource(s) for UE positioning may be transmitted frommultiple cell(s)/TRP(s)/gNB(s) such as a reference cell (or servingcell) and a neighboring cell. The UE needs to effectively receive the DLRS transmitted from several cell(s)/TRP(s)/gNB(s). Depending on the UEcapability, when the UE receives a plurality of RS (e.g., PRS)resource(s) transmitted simultaneously from multiple cells/gNBs/TRPs, itmay be allowed to use a plurality of reception beams optimized for therespective transmitted DL RS resources. Accordingly, in order toeffectively receive RS resource(s) (e.g., PRS resource(s)) forpositioning transmitted from two or more cells/gNBs/TRPs through onereception beam, it is necessary to use a reception beam that isoptimized (i.e., not sharp) for reception of a plurality of RSresources.

Accordingly, in Example 1 in Section 3.2 of the present disclosure, inorder to effectively receive DL RS resources using single or multiple RXbeam(s) and/or to transmit SRS resource(s) and/or SRS resource set(s)intended for multiple cells/gNBs/TRPs through single or multiple TXbeam(s) for the purpose of NR positioning, multiple DL RS resourcestransmitted from multiple cells may be used for reference of a UE beamdirection, that is, a QCL source. RS resources transmitted from therespective cells/gNBs/TRPs may be configured together with correspondingcell/gNB/TRP information (e.g., TP/cell/gNB IDs) and may be explicitlyconfigured/indicated to the UE. Accordingly, for multiple RS resource(s)configured as spatial QCL-D sources for specific SRS resource(s), the UEmay identify a TP/TRP/cell to which each RS resource(s) is linked.

In other words, multiple RS (e.g., PRS/CSI-RS/SSB) resource(s) and/or aspecific RS group (composed of, for example, CSI-RS resource(s) and SSBresource(s)) transmitted from multiple cells/TRPs/BSs) may be configuredas a QCL-D source for a specific SRS resource of the UE. That is, the DLRS may be used as a QCL-D source for the specific SRS resource so as tobe used as a reference for determining the direction of the receptionbeam.

Also, in order for the UE to send a specific SRS resource to two or morecells/gNBs/TRPs which are targets, the BS/LMF may need to providereference information for configuration of the transmission direction ofspecific SRS resource(s) and/or SRS resource set(s) configured for thecells/gNBs/TRPs or a specific UE (for the purpose of UE positioning). Tothis end, the BS/LMF may configure/indicate the RS resource(s)transmitted from different cells/gNBs/TRPs as spatial QCL references forthe specific SRS resource(s) and/or SRS resource set(s) of the specificUE (configured for UE positioning). That is, multiple RS resourcestransmitted by multiple cells/gNBs/TRPs may be configured/indicated asQCL-D sources of a specific SRS resource. In this case, the RSresource(s) transmitted by the different cells/gNBs/TRPs may beconfigured in association with a specific TRP/cell/gNB and explicitlyconfigured/indicated to the UE.

For example, the wireless network (BS/LMF/location server) mayindicated/configure, to/for a target UE within cell/gNB/TRP#3, RSresource #1 (e.g., SSB/CSI-RS/PRS resource #1), which is transmittedfrom cell/gNB/TRP #1, and RS resource #2 (e.g., SSB/CSI-RS/PRS resource#2), which is transmitted from cell/gNB/TRP #2, as reference informationfor a transmission beam direction for transmitting one or more specificUL-PRS (e.g., SRS) resource(s) configured (for UE positioning). That is,QCL-D sources for the one or more UL-PRS (e.g., SRS) resource(s) may beconfigured/indicated.

EXAMPLE 2 IN SECTION 3.2

According to Example 2 in Section 3.2 of the present disclosure, DL RSresource(s) and/or DL RS resource set(s) transmitted from a singleTRP/cell/gNB may be used as reference information for a TX/RX beam forSRS resource set transmission containing one or more SRS resource(s). Inparticular, under the following conditions, the configuration/indicationmay be allowed to a limited extent.

-   -   DL RS resource(s) and/or DL RS resource set(s) transmitted from        a single TRP/cell/gNB may be limitedly configured/indicated as        reference information for the TX/RX beam for transmission of the        SRS resource set only when UL RS (e.g., SRS) resource(s) are        configured for UE positioning. For example, this may be a case        where the SRS resource set is designated/configured for UE        positioning by the BS.    -   All UL RS (e.g., SRS) resources may be defined/configured for        the same transmit antenna port. That is, the UL RS resources may        be transmitted based on the same beam and have the same TX        antenna port. In addition, the UL RS resources may be        configured/defined/indicated for UE positioning.

The BS/LMF/location server may configure/indicate, for/to the UE,specific DL RS (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, PRS) resource(s) transmitted from aspecific cell/gNB/TRP as reference beam direction information fortransmission of specific SRS resource set(s) and/or SRS resource(s)(configured for UE positioning). For example, an SSB (or SS/PBCH block)configured for L1-RSRP and/or L3-RSRP measurement may beconfigured/indicated as reference beam direction information for SRSresource transmission. The UE may measure RSRP/SINR/SNR or the like forSSB resource(s) transmitted from a neighbor cell/gNB/TRP, and beinstructed/configured by the BS to report SSB resource informationhaving the greatest measured value to the BS or LMF. Accordingly, basedon the SSB resource(s) information (e.g., SSB resource index, etc.)reported by the UE, the BS/LMF may configure/indicate, for/to the UE,the SSB resource having the greatest measured as a QCL-D source of thespecific SRS resource(s) and/or SRS resource set(s). Alternatively, itmay provide the UE with the SSB resource information as referenceinformation for a TX beam direction of the UE that transmits thespecific SRS resource(s) and/or SRS resource set(s).

In transmitting multiple SRS resources included in an SRS resource set(configured for UE positioning), the UE may transmit the SRS whileperforming TX beam sweeping within a specific angle/region based on thedirection in which the SSB resource has been received. Thecell/gNB/TRP/LMU, which is a reception terminal, selects an SRS resourcecorresponding to the minimum Time of Flight (ToF)/ToA/propagation timeamong the measured values acquired through multiple SRS resourcestransmitted by the UE, and may indicate the index of theselected/determined SRS resource to the UE. Then, based on the indicatedindex of the SRS resource, the UE may determine a reception beamdirection to use for the UE to receive a PRS from the TRP/cell/gNB, andmay then determine a transmission beam direction to use in transmittingan SRS later. That is, by indicating a specific SSB resource to the UEas reference information for determination of the transmission beam forthe SRS resource set(s) including one or more specific SRS resource(s)and determining a transmission/reception beam pair corresponding to theminimum ToF/ToA/propagation time based on the indicated resource, RSTDmeasurement may be performed more accurately.

FIG. 23 illustrates beam sweeping according to an example of the presentdisclosure.

Referring to FIG. 23, DL RS resource #1 and DL RS resource #2transmitted from gNB1 and gNB2, respectively, are configured/indicatedas QCL-D sources for UL RS resource set (e.g., SRS resource set) #1 andUL RS resource set #2 of UE#1, respectively. In this case, when the UEtransmits multiple RS resources included in UL RS resource set #1, thedirection toward gNB2 may be excluded from the TX beam sweeping range.That is, when there is no QCL-D source, UE#1 needs to transmit SRSresources while performing beam sweeping omnidirectionally. Therefore,more efficient beam sweeping may be implemented.

EXAMPLE 3 IN SECTION 3.2

According to Example 3 in Section 3.2 of the present disclosure, asingle DL RS resource transmitted from a specific cell/gNB/TRP may beconfigured/indicated by the BS as a resource having a spatial QCLrelationship with multiple UL RS (e.g., SRS, UL-PRS) resources and/or asingle SRS resource set. That is, a DL RS resource transmitted from aspecific cell/gNB/TRP may be configured/indicated as a QCL-D source formultiple UL RS (e.g., SRS, UL-PRS) resources and/or a single SRSresource set. In addition, multiple DL RS resources transmitted frommultiple TRP(s)/gNB(s)/cell(s) may be configured/indicated as QCL-Dsources for multiple UL RS (e.g., SRS, UL-PRS) resources and/or a singleSRS resource set. In addition, such configuration/indication may beperformed only on the following limiting conditions.

-   -   The spatial QCL relationship that a single DL RS resource        transmitted from a specific cell/gNB/TRP has with multiple UL RS        (e.g., SRS, UL-PRS) resources and/or a single SRS resource set        may be limitedly configured/indicated only when UL RS        resource(s) are configured for UE positioning.    -   All UL RS (e.g., SRS) resources may be defined/configured for        the same transmit antenna port. That is, they may have the same        beam and the same TX antenna port. In addition, the UL RS        resources may be configured/defined/indicated for UE        positioning.

For example, when a target UE whose location need to be estimatedintends to transmit an SRS to specific TRP(s)/gNB(s)/cell(s), an SRSsupposed to be transmitted through a specific transmit antenna port mayneed to be repeatedly transmitted due to a long distance between thespecific TRP(s)/gNB(s)/cell(s) and the target UE. Accordingly, acondition in which all UL RS resources are defined/configured for thesame transmit antenna port may be considered. Thereby, hearability maybe improved, and the TRP(s)/gNB(s)/cell(s), a specific receptionterminal, acquire obtain a more accurate measured value of ToA (orrelative timinig of arrival (RToA).

EXAMPLE 4 IN SECTION 3.2

According to Example 4 in Section 3.2 of the present disclosure, the UEmay receive configuration/indication of SRS resource(s) and/or SRSresource set(s) for the purpose of UE positioning (e.g., SRS for UTDOA)from a network (BS and/or LMF (or location server)). In this case, OFDMsymbol(s) and transmit power (or parameters related to transmit powercontrol) at through which SRS resource(s) are transmitted may be jointlyconfigured/indicated.

For example, the SRS resource(s) configured for/indicated to the UE bythe BS for UE positioning and/or the SRS resource(s) included in the SRSresource set configured for UE positioning) may be configured to alwaysoccupy all OFDM symbols included in the slot(s) in which the SRSresource(s) and/or SRS resource set(s) are transmitted, and it may beconfigured/indicated that the SRS is transmitted at the maximum transmitpower that the UE is allowed to use in all symbols. That is, the slot inwhich the SRS is transmitted for UE positioning may be used as adedicated slot (dedicated time-frequency resource) for SRS transmission.

Alternatively, it may be configured/indicated by the BS that, among theSRS resource(s) included in the SRS resource set configured for UEpositioning, SRS resource(s) intended to be transmitted to the servingcell/TRP/gNB use a preset or predefined UL power control and SRSresource(s) intended to be transmitted to neighbor cell(s)/TRP(s)/gNB(s)always use the maximum power available to the UE. Here, an SRS (SRSresource(s) and/or SRS resource set(s)) intended to be transmitted to aserving cell/TRP/gNB and an SRS intended to be transmitted to servingcell(s)/TRP(s)/gNB(s) may be identified through QCL information about DLRS resource(s) indicated/configured by the BS/LMF in conjunction with aspecific TRP/cell/gNB.

Alternatively, multiple DL RS resource(s) and/or resource set(s) may beconfigured for/indicated to the UE as QCL sources (e.g., QCL-D sources)for a specific UL RS (e.g., SRS) resource, and the UE may calculate thepath loss for the multiple indicated/configured DL RS resource(s) inorder to determine the transmit power for transmission of the specificUL RS resource, and determine the specific SRS transmit power based onthe calculation result. For example, since the multiple RS resource(s)are transmitted from different TRP(s)/cell(s)/gNB(s), the UE may takethe average of the path loss values for the multiple RS resource(s), maydetermine the transmit power for the SRS transmission based on the RSresource exhibiting the largest path loss. In addition, the BS/LMF mayconfigure/indicate such operation of the UE.

In other words, the specific SRS resource set(s) configured for UEpositioning and/or the SRS resource(s) included in the specific SRSresource set may have multiple RSs (RS resource(s)) transmitted frommultiple cells/gNBs/TRPs as QCL sources. The BS may provide aconfiguration/indication to the UE such that the path losses formultiple RS resource(s) configured/indicated as QCL sources for thespecific SRS resource are measured, and the UE determines the transmitpower for the SRS resource based on the measured values. That is,spatial QCL configuration between the DL RS and the UL RS and powercontrol for the UL RS may be jointly configured for/indicated to the UEby the BS.

Some modifications or applications of various examples in Section 3.2 ofthe present disclosure may also be within the scope of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating an SRS resource transmission methodof a base station/UE according to another example of the presentdisclosure.

Referring to FIG. 24A, in S1401 a, the BS/location server may configureinformation about RS resource(s) and/or RS resource set(s) for the UE.For example, the RS may be an SRS for positioning. In S1403 a, theBS/location server may configure/indicate, for/to the UE, QCLrelationship between DL RS resource(s) and/or DL RS resource set(s) andUL RS resource(s) and/or UL RS resource set(s) configured for UEpositioning and information about power control. In S1305 a, based onthe configured/indicated information, the BS/location server maytransmit DL RS resource(s) and/or DL RS resource set(s), mayconfigure/indicate transmission of UL RS resource(s) and/or UL RSresource set(s), or may receive an SRS signal on the UL RS resource(s)and/or UL RS resource set(s).

Referring to FIG. 24B, in S1401 b, the UE may receive information aboutRS resource(s) and/or RS resource set(s) from the BS/location server.For example, the RS may be an SRS for positioning. In S1403 b, the UEmay receive a configuration/indication of QCL relationship between DL RSresource(s) and/or DL RS resource set(s) and UL RS resource(s) and/or ULRS resource set(s) configured for UE positioning and information aboutpower control from the BS/location server. In S1305 b, based on theconfigured/indicated information, the UE may receive DL RS resource(s)and/or DL RS resource set(s), may receive a configuration/indication oftransmission of UL RS resource(s) and/or UL RS resource set(s), or maytransmit an SRS signal on the UL RS resource(s) and/or UL RS resourceset(s).

3.3. Initial network access and communication process

According to various examples of the present disclosure, a UE mayperform a network access process to perform the above-described/proposedprocedures and/or methods. For example, the UE may receive systeminformation and configuration information required to perform theabove-described/proposed procedures and/or methods and store thereceived information in a memory. The configuration information requiredfor various examples of the present disclosure may be received byhigher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling or MAC signaling).

FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an initial network access andsubsequent communication process. In an NR system to which variousexamples of the present disclosure are applicable, a physical channeland an RS may be transmitted by beamforming. When beamforming-basedsignal transmission is supported, beam management may be performed forbeam alignment between a BS and a UE. Further, a signal proposed invarious examples of the present disclosure may be transmitted/receivedby beamforming. In RRC IDLE mode, beam alignment may be performed basedon a synchronization signal block (SSB or SS/PBCH block), whereas in RRCCONNECTED mode, beam alignment may be performed based on a CSI-RS (inDL) and an SRS (in UL). On the contrary, when beamforming-based signaltransmission is not supported, beam-related operations may be omitted inthe following description.

Referring to FIG. 29, a BS (e.g., eNB) may periodically transmit an SSB(2702). The SSB includes a PSS/SSS/PBCH. The SSB may be transmitted bybeam sweeping. The BS may then transmit remaining minimum systeminformation (RMSI) and other system information (OSI) (2704). The RMSImay include information required for the UE to perform initial access tothe BS (e.g., PRACH configuration information). After detecting SSBs,the UE identifies the best SSB. The UE may then transmit an RACHpreamble (Message 1; Msg1) in PRACH resources linked/corresponding tothe index (i.e., beam) of the best SSB (2706). The beam direction of theRACH preamble is associated with the PRACH resources. Associationbetween PRACH resources (and/or RACH preambles) and SSBs (SSB indexes)may be configured by system information (e.g., RMSI). Subsequently, inan RACH procedure, the BS may transmit a random access response (RAR)(Msg2) in response to the RACH preamble (2708), the UE may transmit Msg3(e.g., RRC Connection Request) based on a UL grant included in the RAR(2710), and the BS may transmit a contention resolution message (Msg4)(2712). Msg4 may include RRC Connection Setup.

When an RRC connection is established between the BS and the UE in theRACH procedure, beam alignment may subsequently be performed based on anSSB/CSI-RS (in DL) and an SRS (in UL). For example, the UE may receivean SSB/CSI-RS (2714). The SSB/CSI-RS may be used for the UE to generatea beam/CSI report. The BS may request the UE to transmit a beam/CSIreport, by DCI (2716). In this case, the UE may generate a beam/CSIreport based on the SSB/CSI-RS and transmit the generated beam/CSIreport to the BS on a PUSCH/PUCCH (2718). The beam/CSI report mayinclude a beam measurement result, information about a preferred beam,and so on. The BS and the UE may switch beams based on the beam/CSIreport (2720 a and 2720 b).

Subsequently, the UE and the BS may perform the above-described/proposedprocedures and/or methods. For example, the UE and the BS may transmit awireless signal by processing information stored in a memory or mayprocess received wireless signal and store the processed signal in thememory according to various examples of the present disclosure, based onconfiguration information obtained in the network access process (e.g.,the system information acquisition process, the RRC connection processthrough an RACH, and so on). The wireless signal may include at leastone of a PDCCH, a PDSCH, or an RS on DL and at least one of a PUCCH, aPUSCH, or an SRS on UL.

The above-described initial access procedure may be combined with thecontents of Sections 1 to 3 to configure various other examples of thepresent disclosure, which may be clearly understood by those of ordinaryskill in the art.

FIG. 26 is a flowchart illustrating a UL RS transmission method for a UEaccording to an example of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 26, in S3010, the UE may receive a synchronizationsignal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block including a primarysynchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

In S3030, the UE may receive system information based on the SS/PBCHblock.

In S3050, after receiving the system information, the UE may receiveuplink reference signal (UL RS) configuration information.

In S3070, the UE may transmit a UL RS on a UL RS resource configuredbased on the UL RS configuration information, wherein the UL RS resourcemay include at least one resource element (RE). Here, the at least oneRE may be configured as an N-comb in the frequency domain, and thestarting position of each of the at least one RE in the frequency domainmay be determined based on a comb offset included in the UL RSconfiguration information and a preset offset. The preset offset may beobtained based on the N-comb and at least one orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) symbol for the at least one RE, wherein Nmay be a natural number.

For example, based on the UL RS being configured for positioning, thepreset offset may differ among the at least one OFDM symbol.

For example, each of the at least one RE may be configured at intervalsof N from the starting position in an ascending order in the frequencydomain.

For example, the starting position of each of the at least one RE in thefrequency domain may be determined based on a modulo N operationperformed on a value obtained by adding the comb offset and the presetoffset.

For example, the UL RS configuration information may be received througha higher layer.

For example, a transmit power for the UL RS may be determined based on apath-loss measured from an RS configured as quasi co-location (QCL)type-D.

For example, the UL RS may be a reference sounding signal (SRS).

FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating a UL RS reception method for a TPaccording to an example of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 27, in S3110, a TP may transmit a synchronizationsignal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block including a primarysynchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

In S3130, the TP may receive system information based on the SS/PBCHblock.

In S3150, after receiving the system information, the TP may transmituplink reference signal (UL RS) configuration information.

In S3170, the TP may transmit a UL RS on a UL RS resource configuredbased on the UL RS configuration information, wherein the UL RS resourcemay include at least one resource element (RE). Here, the at least oneRE may be configured as an N-comb in the frequency domain, and thestarting position of each of the at least one RE in the frequency domainmay be determined based on a comb offset included in the UL RSconfiguration information and a preset offset. The preset offset may beobtained based on the N-comb and at least one orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) symbol for the at least one RE, wherein Nmay be a natural number.

More specific operations of the UE and/or the TP and/or the locationserver according to the above-described various examples of the presentdisclosure may be described and performed based on the descriptions ofclause 1 to clause 3.

Examples of the above-described proposed methods may also be included asone of various examples of the present disclosure, and thus may beconsidered to be some proposed methods. While the proposed methods maybe independently implemented, some of the proposed methods may becombined (or merged). It may be regulated that information indicatingwhether to apply the proposed methods (or information about the rules ofthe proposed methods) is indicated by a signal (e.g., a physical-layersignal or a higher-layer signal) predefined for the UE by the BS.

4. Exemplary Configurations of Devices Implementing Various Examples ofthe Present Disclosure 4.1. Exemplary Configurations of Devices to WhichVarious Examples of the Present Disclosure are Applied

FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating devices that implement variousexamples of the present disclosure.

The devices illustrated in FIG. 28 may be a UE and/or a BS (e.g., eNB orgNB) adapted to perform the afore-described mechanisms, or any devicesperforming the same operation.

Referring to FIG. 28, the device may include a digital signal processor(DSP)/microprocessor 210 and a radio frequency (RF) module (transceiver)235. The DSP/microprocessor 210 is electrically coupled to thetransceiver 235 and controls the transceiver 235. The device may furtherinclude a power management module 205, a battery 255, a display 215, akeypad 220, a SIM card 225, a memory device 230, an antenna 240, aspeaker 245, and an input device 250, depending on a designer'sselection.

Particularly, FIG. 28 may illustrate a UE including a receiver 235configured to receive a request message from a network and a transmitter235 configured to transmit timing transmission/reception timinginformation to the network. These receiver and transmitter may form thetransceiver 235. The UE may further include a processor 210 coupled tothe transceiver 235.

Further, FIG. 28 may illustrate a network device including a transmitter235 configured to transmit a request message to a UE and a receiver 235configured to receive timing transmission/reception timing informationfrom the UE. These transmitter and receiver may form the transceiver235. The network may further include the processor 210 coupled to thetransceiver 235. The processor 210 may calculate latency based on thetransmission/reception timing information.

A processor included in a UE (or a communication device included in theUE) and a BE (or a communication device included in the BS) according tovarious examples of the present disclosure may operate as follows, whilecontrolling a memory.

According to various examples of the present disclosure, a UE or a BSmay include at least one transceiver, at least one memory, and at leastone processor coupled to the at least one transceiver and the at leastone memory. The at least one memory may store instructions causing theat least one processor to perform the following operations.

A communication device included in the UE or the BS may be configured toinclude the at least one processor and the at least one memory. Thecommunication device may be configured to include the at least onetransceiver, or may be configured not to include the at least onetransceiver but to be connected to the at least one transceiver.

According to various examples of the present disclosure, the at leastone processor included in the UE (or the at least one processor of thecommunication device included in the UE) may receive a synchronizationsignal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block including a primarysynchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

According to various examples of the present disclosure, the at leastone processor included in the UE may receive system information based onthe SS/PBCH block.

According to various examples of the present disclosure, the at leastone processor included in the UE may receive uplink reference signal (ULRS) configuration information.

According to various examples of the present disclosure, the at leastone processor included in the UE may transmit a UL RS on a UL RSresource configured based on the UL RS configuration information,wherein the UL RS resource may include at least one resource element(RE).

For example, the at least one RE may be configured as an N-comb in thefrequency domain, and the starting position of each of the at least oneRE in the frequency domain may be determined based on a comb offsetincluded in the UL RS configuration information and a preset offset.

For example, the preset offset may be obtained based on the N-comb andat least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbolfor the at least one RE, wherein N may be a natural number.

For example, based on the UL RS being configured for positioning, thepreset offset may differ among the at least one OFDM symbol.

For example, each of the at least one RE may be configured at intervalsof N from the starting position in an ascending order in the frequencydomain.

For example, the starting position of each of the at least one RE in thefrequency domain may be determined based on a modulo N operationperformed on a value obtained by adding the comb offset and the presetoffset.

For example, the UL RS configuration information may be received througha higher layer.

For example, a transmit power for the UL RS may be determined based on apath-loss measured from an RS configured as quasi co-location (QCL)type-D.

For example, the UL RS may be a reference sounding signal (SRS).

According to various examples of the present disclosure, at least oneprocessor included in a BS (or at least one processor of a communicationdevice included in the BS) may transmit a synchronizationsignal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block including a primarysynchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

According to various examples of the present disclosure, the at leastone processor included in the BS may transmit system information basedon the SS/PBCH block.

According to various examples of the present disclosure, the at leastone processor included in the BS may transmit uplink reference signal(UL RS) configuration information.

According to various examples of the present disclosure, the at leastone processor included in the BS may receive a UL RS on a UL RS resourceconfigured based on the UL RS configuration information, wherein the ULRS resource may include at least one resource element (RE).

For example, the at least one RE may be configured as an N-comb in thefrequency domain, and the starting position of each of the at least oneRE in the frequency domain may be determined based on a comb offsetincluded in the UL RS configuration information and a preset offset.

For example, the preset offset may be obtained based on the N-comb andat least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbolfor the at least one RE, wherein N may be a natural number.

More specific operations of the processor included in the UE and/or theBS and/or the location server according to the above-described variousexamples of the present disclosure may be described and performed basedon the descriptions of clause 1 to clause 3.

Unless contradicting each other, various examples of the presentdisclosure may be implemented in combination. For example, (a processoror the like included in) a UE and/or a BS and/or a location serveraccording to various examples of the present disclosure may implementthe examples described in clause 1 to clause 3 in combination, unlesscontradicting each other.

4.2. Example of Communication System to Which Various Examples of thePresent Disclosure are Applied

In the present specification, various examples of the present disclosurehave been mainly described in relation to data transmission andreception between a BS and a UE in a wireless communication system.However, various examples of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto. For example, various examples of the present disclosure mayalso relate to the following technical configurations.

The various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods,and/or operational flowcharts of the various examples of the presentdisclosure described in this document may be applied to, without beinglimited to, a variety of fields requiring wirelesscommunication/connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with referenceto the drawings. In the following drawings/description, the samereference symbols may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks,software blocks, or functional blocks unless described otherwise.

FIG. 29 illustrates an exemplary communication system to which variousexamples of the present disclosure are applied.

Referring to FIG. 29, a communication system 1 applied to the variousexamples of the present disclosure includes wireless devices, BaseStations (BSs), and a network. Herein, the wireless devices representdevices performing communication using Radio Access Technology (RAT)(e.g., 5G New RAT (NR)) or Long-Term Evolution (LTE)) and may bereferred to as communication/radio/5G devices. The wireless devices mayinclude, without being limited to, a robot 100 a, vehicles 100 b-1 and100 b-2, an eXtended Reality (XR) device 100 c, a hand-held device 100d, a home appliance 100 e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100 f, andan Artificial Intelligence (AI) device/server 400. For example, thevehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function,an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performingcommunication between vehicles. Herein, the vehicles may include anUnmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may includean Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) deviceand may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), aHead-Up Display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone,a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digitalsignage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include asmartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or asmartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance mayinclude a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device mayinclude a sensor and a smartmeter. For example, the BSs and the networkmay be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device200 a may operate as a BS/network node with respect to other wirelessdevices.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the network 300via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices100 a to 100 f and the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connectedto the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may beconfigured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g.,NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f maycommunicate with each other through the BSs 200/network 300, thewireless devices 100 a to 100 fmay perform direct communication (e.g.,sidelink communication) with each other without passing through theBSs/network. For example, the vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2 may performdirect communication (e.g. Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)/Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g.,a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g.,sensors) or other wireless devices 100 a to 100 f.

Wireless communication/connections 150 a, 150 b, or 150 c may beestablished between the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f/BS 200, or BS200/BS 200. Herein, the wireless communication/connections may beestablished through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlinkcommunication 150 a, sidelink communication 150 b (or, D2Dcommunication), or inter BS communication (e.g. relay, Integrated AccessBackhaul(IAB)). The wireless devices and the BSs/the wireless devicesmay transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through thewireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b. For example, thewireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b may transmit/receivesignals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a partof various configuration information configuring processes, varioussignal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding,modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and resourceallocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may beperformed based on the various proposals of the various examples of thepresent disclosure.

4.2.1 Example of Wireless Devices to Which Various Examples of thePresent Disclosure are Applied

FIG. 30 illustrates exemplary wireless devices to which various examplesof the present disclosure are applicable.

Referring to FIG. 30, a first wireless device 100 and a second wirelessdevice 200 may transmit radio signals through a variety of RATs (e.g.,LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device 100 and the secondwireless device 200} may correspond to {the wireless device 100 x andthe BS 200} and/or {the wireless device 100 x and the wireless device100 x} of FIG. 29.

The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 andone or more memories 104 and additionally further include one or moretransceivers 106 and/or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102may control the memory(s) 104 and/or the transceiver(s) 106 and may beconfigured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument. For example, the processor(s) 102 may process informationwithin the memory(s) 104 to generate first information/signals and thentransmit radio signals including the first information/signals throughthe transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 may receive radio signalsincluding second information/signals through the transceiver 106 andthen store information obtained by processing the secondinformation/signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may beconnected to the processor(s) 102 and may store a variety of informationrelated to operations of the processor(s) 102. For example, thememory(s) 104 may store software code including commands for performinga part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 102or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.Herein, the processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104 may be a part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE orNR). The transceiver(s) 106 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 andtransmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108.Each of the transceiver(s) 106 may include a transmitter and/or areceiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may be interchangeably used with RadioFrequency (RF) unit(s). In the various examples of the presentdisclosure, the wireless device may represent a communicationmodem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202and one or more memories 204 and additionally further include one ormore transceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s)202 may control the memory(s) 204 and/or the transceiver(s) 206 and maybe configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument. For example, the processor(s) 202 may process informationwithin the memory(s) 204 to generate third information/signals and thentransmit radio signals including the third information/signals throughthe transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 may receive radio signalsincluding fourth information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106 andthen store information obtained by processing the fourthinformation/signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204 may beconnected to the processor(s) 202 and may store a variety of informationrelated to operations of the processor(s) 202. For example, thememory(s) 204 may store software code including commands for performinga part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 202or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.Herein, the processor(s) 202 and the memory(s) 204 may be a part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE orNR). The transceiver(s) 206 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 andtransmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208.Each of the transceiver(s) 206 may include a transmitter and/or areceiver. The transceiver(s) 206 may be interchangeably used with RFunit(s). In the various examples of the present disclosure, the wirelessdevice may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 willbe described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may beimplemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implementone or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP,RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate oneor more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Unit(SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, controlinformation, data, or information according to the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 maygenerate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs,messages, control information, data, or information according to thedescriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in this document and provide thegenerated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The oneor more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., basebandsignals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire thePDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or informationaccording to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to ascontrollers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware,firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or moreApplication Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more DigitalSignal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices(DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or moreField Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one ormore processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmwareor software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, orfunctions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors102 and 202 or stored in the one or more memories 104 and 204 so as tobe driven by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or softwarein the form of code, commands, and/or a set of commands.

The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals,messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands.The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by Read-OnlyMemories (ROMs), Random Access Memories (RAMs), Electrically ErasableProgrammable Read-Only Memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives,registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/orcombinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may belocated at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected tothe one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies suchas wired or wireless connection.

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, controlinformation, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the methodsand/or operational flowcharts of this document, to one or more otherdevices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data,control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in thedescriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in this document, from one or moreother devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 maybe connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit andreceive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one ormore other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may performcontrol so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receiveuser data, control information, or radio signals from one or more otherdevices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected tothe one or more antennas 108 and 208 and the one or more transceivers106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, controlinformation, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in thedescriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in this document, through the one ormore antennas 108 and 208. In this document, the one or more antennasmay be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logicalantennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 106 and 206may convert received radio signals/channels etc. from RF band signalsinto baseband signals in order to process received user data, controlinformation, radio signals/channels, etc. using the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 mayconvert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc.processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the baseband signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or moretransceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and/orfilters.

According to various examples of the present disclosure, one or morememories (e.g., 104 or 204) may store instructions or programs which,when executed, cause one or more processors operably coupled to the oneor more memories to perform operations according to various examples orimplementations of the present disclosure.

According to various examples of the present disclosure, acomputer-readable storage medium may store one or more instructions orcomputer programs which, when executed by one or more processors, causethe one or more processors to perform operations according to variousexamples or implementations of the present disclosure.

According to various examples of the present disclosure, a processingdevice or apparatus may include one or more processors and one or morecomputer memories connected to the one or more processors. The one ormore computer memories may store instructions or programs which, whenexecuted, cause the one or more processors operably coupled to the oneor more memories to perform operations according to various examples orimplementations of the present disclosure.

4.2.2. Example of Using Wireless Devices to Which Various Examples ofthe Present Disclosure are Applied

FIG. 31 illustrates other exemplary wireless devices to which variousexamples of the present disclosure are applied. The wireless devices maybe implemented in various forms according to a use case/service (seeFIG. 29).

Referring to FIG. 31, wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to thewireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 30 and may be configured by variouselements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. For example, eachof the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional components140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 andtransceiver(s) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 mayinclude the one or more processors 102 and 202 and/or the one or morememories 104 and 204 of FIG. 30. For example, the transceiver(s) 114 mayinclude the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and/or the one or moreantennas 108 and 208 of FIG. 30. The control unit 120 is electricallyconnected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and theadditional components 140 and controls overall operation of the wirelessdevices. For example, the control unit 120 may control anelectric/mechanical operation of the wireless device based onprograms/code/commands/information stored in the memory unit 130. Thecontrol unit 120 may transmit the information stored in the memory unit130 to the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via thecommunication unit 110 through a wireless/wired interface or store, inthe memory unit 130, information received through the wireless/wiredinterface from the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via thecommunication unit 110.

The additional components 140 may be variously configured according totypes of wireless devices. For example, the additional components 140may include at least one of a power unit/battery, input/output (I/O)unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may beimplemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100 aof FIG. 29), the vehicles (100 b-1 and 100 b-2 of FIG. 29), the XRdevice (100 c of FIG. 29), the hand-held device (100 d of FIG. 29), thehome appliance (100 e of FIG. 29), the IoT device (100 f of FIG. 29), adigital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device,an MTC device, a medicine device, a fintech device (or a financedevice), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AIserver/device (400 of FIG. 29), the BSs (200 of FIG. 29), a networknode, etc. The wireless device may be used in a mobile or fixed placeaccording to a use-example/service.

In FIG. 31, the entirety of the various elements, components,units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 maybe connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a partthereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110.For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the controlunit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected by wire and thecontrol unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelesslyconnected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component,unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 mayfurther include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, thecontrol unit 120 may be configured by a set of a communication controlprocessor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), agraphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. As anotherexample, the memory 130 may be configured by a Random Access Memory(RAM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM)), a flash memory,a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Hereinafter, an example of implementing FIG. 31 will be described indetail with reference to the drawings.

4.2.3. Example of Portable Device to Which Various Examples of thePresent Disclosure are Applied

FIG. 32 illustrates an exemplary portable device to which variousexamples of the present disclosure are applied. The portable device maybe any of a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., asmartwatch or smart glasses), and a portable computer (e.g., a laptop).A portable device may also be referred to as mobile station (MS), userterminal (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS),advanced mobile station (AMS), or wireless terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 32, a hand-held device 100 may include an antenna unit108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, apower supply unit 140 a, an interface unit 140 b, and an I/O unit 140 c.The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communicationunit 110. Blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 c correspond to the blocks 110to 130/140 of FIG. 31, respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., dataand control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. Thecontrol unit 120 may perform various operations by controllingconstituent elements of the hand-held device 100. The control unit 120may include an Application Processor (AP). The memory unit 130 may storedata/parameters/programs/code/commands needed to drive the hand-helddevice 100. The memory unit 130 may store input/output data/information.The power supply unit 140 a may supply power to the hand-held device 100and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. Theinterface unit 140 b may support connection of the hand-held device 100to other external devices. The interface unit 140 b may include variousports (e.g., an audio I/O port and a video I/O port) for connection withexternal devices. The I/O unit 140 c may input or output videoinformation/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or informationinput by a user. The I/O unit 140 c may include a camera, a microphone,a user input unit, a display unit 140 d, a speaker, and/or a hapticmodule.

As an example, in the case of data communication, the I/O unit 140 c mayacquire information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, images, or video)input by a user and the acquired information/signals may be stored inthe memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 may convert theinformation/signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmitthe converted radio signals to other wireless devices directly or to aBS. The communication unit 110 may receive radio signals from otherwireless devices or the BS and then restore the received radio signalsinto original information/signals. The restored information/signals maybe stored in the memory unit 130 and may be output as various types(e.g., text, voice, images, video, or haptic) through the I/O unit 140c.

4.2.4. Example of Vehicle or Autonomous Driving Vehicle to Which VariousExamples of the Present Disclosure

FIG. 33 illustrates an exemplary vehicle or autonomous driving vehicleto which various examples of the present disclosure. The vehicle orautonomous driving vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car,a train, a manned/unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

Referring to FIG. 33, a vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 mayinclude an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit120, a driving unit 140 a, a power supply unit 140 b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140 d. The antenna unit 108 may beconfigured as a part of the communication unit 110. The blocks110/130/140 a to 140 d correspond to the blocks 110/130/140 of FIG. 31,respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., dataand control signals) to and from external devices such as othervehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and servers. The controlunit 120 may perform various operations by controlling elements of thevehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100. The control unit 120 mayinclude an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit 140 a maycause the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 to drive on aroad. The driving unit 140 a may include an engine, a motor, apowertrain, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, etc. The power supplyunit 140 b may supply power to the vehicle or the autonomous drivingvehicle 100 and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery,etc. The sensor unit 140 c may acquire a vehicle state, ambientenvironment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140 cmay include an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor, a collisionsensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor,a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor,a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, atemperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, anillumination sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomousdriving unit 140 d may implement technology for maintaining a lane onwhich a vehicle is driving, technology for automatically adjustingspeed, such as adaptive cruise control, technology for autonomouslydriving along a determined path, technology for driving by automaticallysetting a path if a destination is set, and the like.

For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, trafficinformation data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous drivingunit 140 d may generate an autonomous driving path and a driving planfrom the obtained data. The control unit 120 may control the drivingunit 140 a such that the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100may move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan(e.g., speed/direction control). In the middle of autonomous driving,the communication unit 110 may aperiodically/periodically acquire recenttraffic information data from the external server and acquiresurrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. In themiddle of autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140 c may obtain a vehiclestate and/or surrounding environment information. The autonomous drivingunit 140 d may update the autonomous driving path and the driving planbased on the newly obtained data/information. The communication unit 110may transfer information about a vehicle position, the autonomousdriving path, and/or the driving plan to the external server. Theexternal server may predict traffic information data using AItechnology, etc., based on the information collected from vehicles orautonomous driving vehicles and provide the predicted trafficinformation data to the vehicles or the autonomous driving vehicles.

4.2.5. Example of AR/VR and Vehicle to Which Various Examples of thePresent Disclosure

FIG. 34 illustrates an exemplary vehicle to which various examples ofthe present disclosure are applied. The vehicle may be implemented as atransportation means, a train, an aircraft, a ship, or the like.

Referring to FIG. 34, a vehicle 100 may include a communication unit110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an I/O unit 140 a, and apositioning unit 140 b. Herein, the blocks 110 to 130/140 a and 140 bcorrespond to blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 31.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., dataand control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehiclesor BSs. The control unit 120 may perform various operations bycontrolling constituent elements of the vehicle 100. The memory unit 130may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands for supporting variousfunctions of the vehicle 100. The I/O unit 140 a may output an AR/VRobject based on information within the memory unit 130. The I/O unit 140a may include an HUD. The positioning unit 140 b may acquire informationabout the position of the vehicle 100. The position information mayinclude information about an absolute position of the vehicle 100,information about the position of the vehicle 100 within a travelinglane, acceleration information, and information about the position ofthe vehicle 100 from a neighboring vehicle. The positioning unit 140 bmay include a GPS and various sensors.

As an example, the communication unit 110 of the vehicle 100 may receivemap information and traffic information from an external server andstore the received information in the memory unit 130. The positioningunit 140 b may obtain the vehicle position information through the GPSand various sensors and store the obtained information in the memoryunit 130. The control unit 120 may generate a virtual object based onthe map information, traffic information, and vehicle positioninformation and the I/O unit 140 a may display the generated virtualobject in a window in the vehicle (1410 and 1420). The control unit 120may determine whether the vehicle 100 normally drives within a travelinglane, based on the vehicle position information. If the vehicle 100abnormally exits from the traveling lane, the control unit 120 maydisplay a warning on the window in the vehicle through the I/O unit 140a. In addition, the control unit 120 may broadcast a warning messageregarding driving abnormity to neighboring vehicles through thecommunication unit 110. According to situation, the control unit 120 maytransmit the vehicle position information and the information aboutdriving/vehicle abnormality to related organizations.

In summary, various examples of the present disclosure may beimplemented through a certain device and/or UE.

For example, the certain device may be any of a BS, a network node, atransmitting UE, a receiving UE, a wireless device, a wirelesscommunication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomousdriving function, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an artificialintelligence (AI) module, a robot, an augmented reality (AR) device, avirtual reality (VR) device, and other devices.

For example, a UE may be any of a personal digital assistant (PDA), acellular phone, a personal communication service (PCS) phone, a globalsystem for mobile (GSM) phone, a wideband CDMA (WCDMA) phone, a mobilebroadband system (MBS) phone, a smartphone, and a multi mode-multi band(MM-MB) terminal.

A smartphone refers to a terminal taking the advantages of both a mobilecommunication terminal and a PDA, which is achieved by integrating adata communication function being the function of a PDA, such asscheduling, fax transmission and reception, and Internet connection in amobile communication terminal. Further, an MM-MB terminal refers to aterminal which has a built-in multi-modem chip and thus is operable inall of a portable Internet system and other mobile communication system(e.g., CDMA 2000, WCDMA, and so on).

Alternatively, the UE may be any of a laptop PC, a hand-held PC, atablet PC, an ultrabook, a slate PC, a digital broadcasting terminal, aportable multimedia player (PMP), a navigator, and a wearable devicesuch as a smartwatch, smart glasses, and a head mounted display (HMD).For example, a UAV may be an unmanned aerial vehicle that flies underthe control of a wireless control signal. For example, an HMD may be adisplay device worn around the head. For example, the HMD may be used toimplement AR or VR.

Various examples of the present disclosure may be implemented in variousmeans. For example, various examples of the present disclosure may beimplemented in hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.

In a hardware configuration, the methods according to exemplary examplesof the present disclosure may be achieved by one or more ApplicationSpecific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs),Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices(PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers,microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

In a firmware or software configuration, the methods according to thevarious examples of the present disclosure may be implemented in theform of a module, a procedure, a function, etc. performing theabove-described functions or operations. A software code may be storedin the memory 50 or 150 and executed by the processor 40 or 140. Thememory is located at the interior or exterior of the processor and maytransmit and receive data to and from the processor via various knownmeans.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various examples ofthe present disclosure may be carried out in other specific ways thanthose set forth herein without departing from the spirit and essentialcharacteristics of the various examples of the present disclosure. Theabove examples are therefore to be construed in all aspects asillustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the disclosure should bedetermined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, not bythe above description, and all changes coming within the meaning andequivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embracedtherein. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that claims that arenot explicitly cited in each other in the appended claims may bepresented in combination as an example of the present disclosure orincluded as a new claim by a subsequent amendment after the applicationis filed.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The various examples of present disclosure are applicable to variouswireless access systems. Examples of the various wireless access systemsinclude a 3GPP system or a 3GPP2 system. Besides these wireless accesssystems, the various examples of the present disclosure are applicableto all technical fields in which the wireless access systems find theirapplications. Moreover, the proposed methods are also applicable to anmmWave communication system using an ultra-high frequency band.

1. A method for a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communicationsystem, the method comprising: receiving a synchronizationsignal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block including a primarysynchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH); receiving system informationbased on the SS/PBCH block; after receiving the system information,receiving uplink reference signal (UL RS) configuration information; andtransmitting a UL RS on a UL RS resource configured based on the UL RSconfiguration information, the UL RS resource including at least oneresource element (RE), wherein the at least one RE is configured as anN-comb in a frequency domain, wherein a starting position of each of theat least one RE in the frequency domain is determined based on a comboffset included in the UL RS configuration information and a presetoffset, wherein the preset offset is obtained based on the N-comb and atleast one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol forthe at least one RE, wherein N is a natural number.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein, based on the UL RS being configured for positioning,the preset offset differs among the at least one OFDM symbol.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein each of the at least one RE is configured atintervals of N from the starting position in ascending order in thefrequency domain.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the startingposition of each of the at least one RE in the frequency domain isdetermined based on a modulo N operation performed on a value obtainedby adding the comb offset and the preset offset.
 5. The method of claim1, wherein the UL RS configuration information is received through ahigher layer.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a transmit power for theUL RS is determined based on a path-loss measured through a referencesignal (RS) configured as quasi co-location (QCL) type-D.
 7. The methodof claim 1, wherein the UL RS is a sounding reference signal (SRS). 8.(canceled)
 9. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system,comprising: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and atleast one memory operably coupled to the at least one processors tostore one or more instructions configured to cause the at least oneprocessor to perform operations, the operations comprising: receiving asynchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) blockincluding a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondarysynchronization signal (SSS) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH);receiving system information based on the SS/PBCH block; after receivingthe system information, receiving uplink reference signal (UL RS)configuration information; and transmitting a UL RS on a UL RS resourceconfigured based on the UL RS configuration information, the UL RSresource including at least one resource element (RE), wherein the atleast one RE is configured as an N-comb in a frequency domain, wherein astarting position of each of the at least one RE in the frequency domainis determined based on a comb offset included in the UL RS configurationinformation and a preset offset, wherein the preset offset is obtainedbased on the N-comb and at least one orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbol for the at least one RE, wherein N is anatural number.
 10. (canceled)
 11. A method for a base station in awireless communication system, the method comprising: transmitting asynchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) blockincluding a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondarysynchronization signal (SSS) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH);transmitting system information based on the SS/PBCH block; aftertransmitting the system information, transmitting uplink referencesignal (UL RS) configuration information; and receiving a UL RS on a ULRS resource configured based on the UL RS configuration information, theUL RS resource including at least one resource element (RE), wherein theat least one RE is configured as an N-comb in a frequency domain,wherein a starting position of each of the at least one RE in thefrequency domain is determined based on a comb offset included in the ULRS configuration information and a preset offset, wherein the presetoffset is obtained based on the N-comb and at least one orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol for the at least one RE,wherein N is a natural number.
 12. A base station in a wirelesscommunication system, comprising: at least one processor; and at leastone memory operably coupled to the at least one processors to store oneor more instructions configured to cause the at least one processor toperform operations, the operations comprising: transmitting asynchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) blockincluding a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondarysynchronization signal (SSS) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH);transmitting system information based on the SS/PBCH block; aftertransmitting the system information, transmitting uplink referencesignal (UL RS) configuration information; and receiving a UL RS on a ULRS resource configured based on the UL RS configuration information, theUL RS resource including at least one resource element (RE), wherein theat least one RE is configured as an N-comb in a frequency domain,wherein a starting position of each of the at least one RE in thefrequency domain is determined based on a comb offset included in the ULRS configuration information and a preset offset, wherein the presetoffset is obtained based on the N-comb and at least one orthogonalfrequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol for the at least one RE,wherein N is a natural number.